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字词 国家机器
释义

国家机器【英】

state machinery; state apparatus

译文来源

[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. Translated by Zhang Yibing. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 106.
[2] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 458

定义

国家机器(state machinery, state apparatus)是一个政治术语。按照马克思列宁主义的解释,国家是一个阶级统治另外一个阶级的工具。其含义是,统治阶级必须建立一整套法律、制度、执行机构,并依赖于这些法律、制度和执行机构才能实现对被统治阶级的统治。军队、警察、法庭、监狱等专政机关都是国家机器的重要组成部分。国家机器的运行,保证了统治阶级对被统治阶级的统治,从而保证了统治阶级的利益。当被统治阶级对统治阶级的不满达到一定程度,阶级间矛盾激化而发生反抗时,统治阶级所掌握的国家机器就会对反抗者进行镇压。在众多的国家机器组成中,军队是比较特殊的。因为它不仅是统治阶级对被统治阶级实行专政的工具之一,它还是统治阶级对外扩张、维护国家领土和主权完整的工具。也就是说,军队具有对内对外两个职能。而其他的专政机关通常只具备对内统治职能。广义上的“国家机器”已经突破了其传统政治范畴的局限,是指国家在实施其大战略活动过程中担负职责和功能的载体,主要用于维护实现国家大战略一切活动的有序化。国家机器包括国家体制、政府机构、立法与司法、国家职能等(《国家机器》,via: http://baike.so.com/doc/6750275-6964829.html)。

定义来源

国家机器.via: http://baike.so.com/doc/6750275-6964829.html

例句

1. 布哈林强调“消亡”方面,而列宁则坚持利用国家机器来剥夺剥夺者的必要性。事实上,是列宁改变了自己的想法,而写成于1917 年夏天的《国家与革命》中的许多想法,特别是反国家主义的命题,原本是布哈林的思想。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:97

1. Bukharin had emphasised the ‘withering’ aspect, whereas Lenin insisted on the necessity of the state machinery to expropriate the expropriators. In fact, it was Lenin who changed his mind, and many of the ideas of State and Revolution, composed in the summer of 1917—and particularly the anti-Statist theme—were those of Bukharin. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 106.

2. 老百姓的衣食住行,社会的日常运行,国家机器的正常运转,执政党的建设管理,都有大量工作要做。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:409

2. There is a tremendous amount of work to do .in meeting the people’s daily needs, ensuring the smooth running of society and the normal functioning of the state apparatus, and building and managing the governing party. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 458.

3. 因此,在阿尔都塞的著作中,我们拥有了意识形态国家机器概念或文化机构(例如教育体系或媒体)概念——它们传递出公认的资产阶级行为模式,即那些旨在限制异议发展的行为模式。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:22

3. Thus in the work of Althusser we have the concept of the Ideological State Apparatus, or the cultural institution (such as the educational system or the media) which passes on approved models of bourgeois behaviour—that is, those geared to restrict the growth of dissent. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 13.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
阿尔都塞的意识形态国家机器理论除主要体现在他的著作《意识形态及意识形态国家机器》一文之外,还散见于他中后期的一些著作,包括生前未公开发表死后来才发现的一些手稿中。——《阿尔都塞意识形态国家机器理论研究》,广西师范大学硕士学位论文,2009
Althusser’s theory of ideological state apparatus largely reflected in his book “Ideology and ideological state apparatus” of a text, but also scattered in some of his late works, including a number of manuscripts which are not published during his lifetime but were found after he died.

例句 2:
路易·阿尔都塞(Louis Althusser),法国著名的马克思理论家,在当代西方马克思主义理论发展史上占有重要地位,尤其是对马克思主义国家理论和意识形态理论的继承与发展,他的意识形态国家机器理论在西方马克思研究史上产生了巨大的影响。——《阿尔都塞意识形态国家机器理论及其当代价值》,大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2014
Louis Althusser (1918-1990), the famous Marxist philosopher in France, he occupies an important position in the history of contemporary western Marxism, especially for the development of the ideology theory and sate theory of Marxism, his theory of the ideological state apparatus in the west has a great influence on Marx’s research.

例句 3:
然而,一个重要的转变就是1970年发表的《意识形态和意识形态国家机器》。——《阿尔都塞再生产视域中的意识形态理论研究》,南京大学硕士学位论文,2016
However, a major change is the Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses, which was published in 1970.

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