字词 | 技术性失业 |
释义 | 技术性失业【英】technological unemployment译文来源胡代光,高鸿业.现代西方经济学辞典[Z].中国社会科学出版社,1996:142. 定义技术性失业是指由于技术进步采用资本密集型技术而产生的失业。在经济增长过程中一般的规律是愈来愈广泛地采用了资本密集型技术,这样就使得对劳动力的需求相对缩小,从而引起失业增加。这种失业是经济进步的必然结果,因为经济进步要求提高劳动生产率,减少工人数量。由于工种的变化,留下来的工人也要掌握新技术。受技术变动影响最大的是产业工人中的不熟练工人或半熟练工人。管理人员、技术人员和服务业的从业人员所受影响较小。技术变化不仅造成很多工人短期失业,而且如果产品价格未因采用新生产方法而下降,被取代的工人又未能掌握新技术,那么失业时间还会延长。为了抵制技术性失业,许多工会强烈反对自动化,并与厂方谈判,要求付给被解雇人员优厚的解雇津贴,或在增加新设备时培训和录用原来被解雇的工人(中国社会科学院文献情报中心,1988:386)。 定义来源[1] 中国社会科学院文献情报中心主编.社会科学新辞典[Z].重庆出版社,1988. 例句1. 这种较少辩证法色彩的理论研究方法,所带来的必然是更多地从实际问题推导出来的结论。恩格斯的《论权威》一文便是把某种技术性的方法发挥到极致的一个典型例子。他在该文中把革命后社会的必要的纪律与当时工厂通行的纪律作了比较。起码从1847年写《共产主义原理》以来,他在思想上就存在着倚重非主观因素的倾向,从而使他常常对资产阶级国家采取比较温和的态度。他倾向于避免强调国家机器必须打碎的思想,而认为共和国是“无产阶级将来进行统治的现成的政治形式”。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:12. 1. This less than dialectical approach to theory had its corollary in more practical matters: a technological approach illustrated at its most extreme in Engels’s article: On Authority, where he compares the discipline necessary in post-revolutionary society to that currently obtaining in factories. The emphasis on the non-subjective factors that had been present in his thought at least since the Principles of Communism of 1847 led him often to adopt a relatively mild attitude to the bourgeois state. Engels tended to avoid emphasizing the ides that the State needed to be smashed and considered the republic to be the ‘ready-for-use political form for the future role of the proletariat’. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 14-15. 2. 今年高校毕业生将高达765万人,要落实好就业促进计划和创业引领计划,促进多渠道就业创业。用好失业保险基金结余,增加稳就业资金规模,做好企业下岗职工再就业工作,对城镇就业困难人员提供托底帮扶。完成2100万人次以上农民工职业技能提升培训任务。——《2016年政府工作报告》,2016 2. This year, there will be up to 7.65 million college graduates. We will use multiple channels to increase employment and encourage entrepreneurship by implementing initiatives for promoting employment of college graduates and guiding them in starting up their own businesses. We will make good use of the surplus from unemployment insurance funds and increase funds for keeping job creation stable to help laid-off enterprise employees find new employment and provide basic needs assistance to those in urban areas who face difficulties in securing employment Over 21 million training opportunities should be provided for migrant workers to improve their skills. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2016, 2016. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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