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字词 《国富论》
释义

《国富论》【英】

The Wealth of Nations; An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx:Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 22, 207.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engel. Marx & Engels Collected Works (Vol. 35) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 2004: 390.
[3] The Wealth of Nations. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations

定义

《国富论》全称《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》,是亚当·斯密最富盛名的代表作之一。《国富论》以分工为分析的起点,以国民财富为研究对象,依次论述了交换、货币、价值等一系列经济问题。第一次创立了比较系统的古典政治经济学体系,是经济学说史上的一部重要典籍。书中强调劳动是国家财富的真正源泉,国家财富的提高主要取决于劳动生产率的提高。它批评重商主义和重农主义,力倡经济自由主义。《国富论》出版后,立刻受到全社会的普遍关注,不久就被译成几国文字出版。该书的基本思想是研究国民财富的性质及其产生发展的条件,目的在于寻找促进或阻碍国民财富增长的原因。书中认为,增加国民财富的途径,一是提高工人的劳动生产率,这主要靠发展分工;二是增加从事生产劳动的人数,这主要靠增加资本。围绕这一基本思想,全书首先树立正面的理论体系,然后对历史经验和过去各种错误的经济学说及政策进行评论和批评;它以对私人经济的讨论为主,兼及国民财富。全书除序论外,共分五篇三十二章。这本书不仅探讨了经济史、经济学说史和经济政策以及财政学,并且还阐述了政治经济学理论原理。它的出版,标志着英国古典政治经济学作为一个完整的理论体系已经建成,因而在人类经济思想发展史上产生了空前的影响(何盛明,1990:1860)。

定义来源

何盛明.财经大辞典(下)[Z].中国财政经济出版社,1990.

例句

1. 詹姆斯·斯图亚特爵士最清楚地阐明了这一点。他的著作比《国富论》早出版10年,但是至今仍很少有人知道它。这可以从下面的事实看出:马尔萨斯的崇拜者甚至不知道,马尔萨斯的《人口论》的第一版,除了纯粹夸夸其谈的部分以外,除了抄袭华莱士和唐森两位牧师的著作以外,几乎全部抄袭斯图亚特的著作。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十三卷)》,1990:390

1. Sir James Steuart is the economist who has handled this subject best. How little his book, which appeared ten years before the Wealth of Nations, is known, even at the present time, may be judged from the fact that the admirers of Malthus do not even know that the first edition of the latter's work on population contains, except in the purely declamatory part, very little but extracts from Steuart, and in a less degree, from Wallace and Townsend. -Quoted from Marx & Engels Collected Works (Vol. 35), 1974: 357.

2. 当斯密在《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》(以下简称《国富论》)一书的第1页上写下“一国国民每年的劳动,本来就是供给他们每年消费的一切生活必需品和便利品的源泉”这个卓越的论断时,实际上,他已界划了一个很重要的理论时代。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:48

2. In the first page of Adam Smith’s An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (abbreviated below as Wealth of Nations), he wrote, “The annual labour of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniences of life which it annually consumes.” With this remarkable statement, he opened a new and important theoretical age. -Quoted from Back to Marx:Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 22.

3. 马克思指出,斯密在《国富论》的前几页也确定了,“在私有制确立以前,也就是在不存在私有财产的条件下,劳动时间曾经是工资以及与工资尚无区别的劳动产品的价值的量度”。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:272

3. Marx points out that the first few pages of Smith’s Wealth of Nations develops the idea that “before the invention of private property, that is to say, presupposing the non-existence of private property, labor time was the measure of wages and of the value of the product of labor, which was not yet distinguished from wages. -Quoted from Back to Marx:Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 207.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
“斯密问题”(“Adam Smith Problem”)是思想史上的重要命题之一,此命题是由德国历史学派经济学家最先提出来的,其主要内容是指亚当·斯密(Adam Smith)在其两本最重要的著作《国民财富的性质和原因研究》(简称《国富论》)和《道德情操论》中,存在在前者中主张“利己主义”而在后者中主张“利他主义”的思想矛盾。——《“斯密问题”的法理学解释》,西南政法大学博士学位论文,2014
“Adam Smith Problem” is an important idea in the history of the proposition. It was first proposed by the German Historical School economists in the mid-19th century. The meaning of this proposition is identified that, Adam Smith advocated “egoism” in the “Wealth of Nations”, but advocated “altruism” in the "Theory of Moral Sentiments", which makes a contradiction.

例句 2:
我们曾经高声赞扬《国富论》,将《道德情操论》束之高阁。——《亚当·斯密美德思想研究》,复旦大学博士学位论文,2012
We have full praised the Wealth of Nations but put the theory of Moral Sentiments on the shelf.

例句 3:
《国富论》阐述了分工理论、货币理论、价值理论和分配理论,建立了经济思想体系,该书也被公认为是现代经济学的奠基之作。——《亚当·斯密的思想体系和贡献》,东北财经大学博士学位论文,2014
“The Wealth of Nations” explains the division of labor theory, monetary theory, theory of value and distribution theory, a system of economic thought, and the book has also been recognized as the foundation of modern economics.

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