历史性【英】

historical nature; historicity; historic (adj.)

译文来源

Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 303.

定义

历史性有两个所指，一指德国海德格尔用语，一指德国雅斯贝斯用语。第一，海德格尔所言的“历史性”指个人经历，他认为，“存在的个人莫名其妙地被抛到这个世界上，并处于某一时间位置上，坐落于某个历史境遇之中，这种被抛状态的命运组成了人的原始历史性。他断言人的有限性是其历史性的内在根据，个人只是在走向死亡中创造历史”（金炳华等，2001：836）。第二，雅斯贝斯所言的“历史性”指作为实存的真实的人趋向生存的过程。他认为，人的本质没有一种终极状态，人并非是固定不变的，而是为某一瞬间的条件所决定。在现在条件下的自我存在是有限的存在，一旦失去就不会重复出现，也不能以他物代之。生存把过去与未来统一于现在，它是永恒的当下存在，人的有限性使自身处于时间之中并追求着生成永恒，在人们的行动中把时间与永恒统一起来。“历史性表现于自由与必然性的紧张之中，既有选择的自由，又有选择的必然性”（冯契等，2000：71）。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华，冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001.
[2] 冯契，徐孝通.外国哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2000.

例句

1. 理性认识依赖于感性认识，感性认识有待于发展到理性认识，这就是辩证唯物论的认识论。哲学上的“唯理论”和“经验论”都不懂得认识的历史性或辩证性，虽然各有片面的真理，对于唯物的唯理论和经验论而言，非指唯心的唯理论和经验论但在认识论的全体上则都是错误的。由感性到理性之辩证唯物论的认识运动，对于一个小的认识过程，例如对于一个事物或一件工作的认识，是如此，对于一个大的认识过程（例如对于一个社会或一个革命的认识）也是如此。——《毛泽东选集（第一卷）》，1991：291-291

1. Rational knowledge depends upon perceptual knowledge and perceptual knowledge remains to be developed into rational knowledge--this is the dialectical-materialist theory of knowledge. In philosophy “rationalism” nor “empiricism” understands the historical or the dialectical nature of knowledge, and although each of these schools contains one aspect of the truth (here I am referring to materialist, not to idealist, rationalism and empiricism), both are wrong on the theory of knowledge as a whole. The dialectical-materialist movement of knowledge from the perceptual to the rational holds true for a minor process of cognition (for instance, knowing a single thing or task) as well as for a major process of cognition (for instance, knowing a whole society or a revolution). -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 303-304.

2. 十年来，我们取得一系列新的历史性成就，为全面建成小康社会打下了坚实基础。我国经济总量从世界第六位跃升到第二位，社会生产力、经济实力、科技实力迈上一个大台阶，人民生活水平、居民收入水平、社会保障水平迈上一个大台阶，综合国力、国际竞争力、国际影响力迈上一个大台阶，国家面貌发生新的历史性变化。人们公认，这是我国经济持续发展、民主不断健全、文化日益繁荣、社会保持稳定的时期，是着力保障和改善民生、人民得到实惠更多的时期。我们能取得这样的历史性成就，靠的是党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验的正确指引，靠的是新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来奠定的深厚基础，靠的是全党全国各族人民的团结奋斗。——《坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗——在中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会上的报告》

2. Over the past ten years, we have achieved new historic successes and laid a solid foundation for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. China’s economy has risen from the sixth to the second place in the world. The country has undergone new historic changes: Its productive forces and economic, scientific and technological strength have increased considerably, the people’s living standards, individual income and social security have improved significantly, and its overall national strength and international competitiveness and influence have been enhanced substantially. During this period, China has seen continuous economic development, steady improvement in democracy, and increasing cultural prosperity and social stability, and we have worked hard to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing and brought them more benefits than ever before. And all this is widely recognized. These historic successes are attributable to the correct guidance of the Party’s basic theory, line, program and experience; they have been achieved on the firm foundation laid since the founding of New China in 1949 and particularly since the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up in 1978; and they are the fruits of the united efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China. -Quoted from Firmly March on the Path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive to complete the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Aspects--Report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

3. 五年来的成就，是在改革开放特别是一九八九年十三届四中全会以来的实践基础上取得的。这十三年来，国际局势风云变幻，我国改革开放和现代化建设的进程波澜壮阔。二十世纪八十年代末九十年代初，国内发生严重政治风波，东欧剧变、苏联解体，世界社会主义出现严重曲折，我国社会主义事业的发展面临空前巨大的困难和压力。在这个决定党和国家前途命运的重大历史关头，党中央紧紧依靠全党同志和全国各族人民，坚持十一届三中全会以来的路线不动摇，成功地稳住了改革和发展的大局，捍卫了中国特色社会主义伟大事业。邓小平同志南方谈话以后，十四大确立社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标，改革开放和现代化建设进入新的阶段。在社会主义条件下发展市场经济，是前无古人的伟大创举，是中国共产党人对马克思主义发展作出的历史性贡献，体现了我们党坚持理论创新、与时俱进的巨大勇气。由计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制的转变，实现了改革开放新的历史性突破，打开了我国经济、政治和文化发展的崭新局面。邓小平同志逝世后，我们高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，开拓进取，把中国特色社会主义事业全面推向二十一世纪。——《江泽民在党的十六大上所作的报告》

3. Our achievements over the past five years have been scored through reform and opening up, especially through our practice since the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee in 1989. These 13 years have witnessed a highly volatile international situation and a magnificent upsurge of China's reform, opening up and modernization. From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, there occurred serious political disturbances in China, drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Socialism in the world suffered serious setbacks. China was faced with unprecedented difficulties and pressure in its efforts to develop the socialist cause. At this crucial historical juncture bearing on the destiny of the Party and state, the Party Central Committee relied firmly on all the comrades in the Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and unswervingly adhered to the line prevailing since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and thus successfully brought the overall situation of reform and development under control and safeguarded the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. After Comrade Deng Xiaoping made remarks on his tour of the South, the Fourteenth National Congress decided to establish a socialist market economy as the goal of reform, thus ushering in a new stage for reform, opening up and the modernization drive. To develop a market economy under socialism is a great pioneering undertaking never tried before in history. It is a historic contribution of the Chinese Communists to the development of Marxism. It has given expression to our Party’s tremendous courage to persist in making theoretical innovation and keeping pace with the times. The shift from the planned economy to the socialist market economy represented a new historic breakthrough in reform and opening up and brought about entirely new prospects for China's economic, political and cultural progress. After the demise of Comrade Deng Xiaoping, we held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and made pioneering efforts to advance the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century in an all-round way. -Quoted from Jiang Zemin's report at 16th Party congress, 2012.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
第三部分论述了九段线内水域的历史性权利。——《浅析九段线内水域及其上空的法律地位》，西南政法大学硕士学位论文，2014
The next part shows the historic right in the area of nine-dotted line.

例句 2：
虽然《联合国海洋法公约》等成文国际法并未对历史性权利作出明确界定，但通过历史性水域、历史性海湾等制度肯定了历史性权利的价值。——“‘历史性权利’考”，载于《江苏社会科学》2015年第3期

例句 3：
“社会主义世界历史性”概念的提出和考察正是对新的社会主义实践在社会主义概念和内涵方面的要求的一种积极反映。——《“社会主义世界历史性”的生成问题考察》，中共四川省委党校硕士学位论文，2012
“The communist world historic” concept of investigation and it is the new socialist practice in socialist concept and connotation of the requirements of a positive response.