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字词 哲学的终结
释义

哲学的终结【英】

the end of philosophy

译文来源

Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 359.

定义

哲学的终结,泛指主体客体分离的主体性哲学为新的哲学所代替的观点。观点基本主张在于“认为主体性哲学的缺点,使哲学高高在上,成为科学的科学,以非法手段论证其自身的合法性,并以其自身的观点影响其他学科,控制其他学科的发展,使其他学科成为形而上学的附庸。”(金炳华,2003:1040)因此应当将其终结。而终结的本质在哲学的转变,要让哲学成为语言学的工具与活动,成为一种社会理论、教化哲学、人生哲学、伦理原则、含有诗意的艺术哲学、审美标准、宗教修养指南等等。这一观点在很多哲学家和学派的思想当中有所体现:逻辑实证主义认为形而上学是没有意义的命题;维特根斯坦认为哲学没有正确使用语言而造成很多伪问题,因而应当否定哲学;德国海德格尔认为哲学无法思考存在的问题,因而哲学应当终结而代之以思想;罗蒂提出后哲学文化,以反对实证论的本质主义,去除哲学的真理垄断地位;法国德里达的后结构主义认为哲学应当消解,而成为由读者自己发现的无穷的结构。哲学家们之所以认为主体客体分离的主体性哲学应当终结,原因大致有几个方面:第一,它所讨论的问题不能得到证实,如逻辑实证主义对形而上学的主张;第二,由于语言的错误和歧义造成很多无法澄清的伪问题,如维特根斯坦对哲学的否定;第三,由于哲学使真理被隐蔽,如海德格尔的主张;第四,由于哲学成为各种文化领域的基础,远离社会活动,如罗蒂对哲学真理垄断地位的批判;第五,因为哲学依据逻各斯或言语中心主义,不能随人的观念结构的改变而变化,如德里达的后结构主义主张。哲学的终结,实际上是一种哲学危机的表现。马克思主义认为,哲学危机是一定时代危机的表现,批判哲学,必须批判哲学生存的现实;消灭哲学,必须消灭哲学依附的制度。马克思真正使哲学变成了社会改造实践的一部分。从这个意义上说,马克思主义才真正实现了对哲学的超越。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 我之所以说马克思的科学批判理论是一种话语,意在表明马克思在1847年以后不再直接以哲学逻辑的方式批判现实,哪怕是一种科学的哲学世界观!马克思的哲学新视域仅仅是一种方法论层面上的历史唯物主义和历史辩证法,它的合法存在仅仅作为历史、经济学和政治研究的方法论引导,并以一种隐性的功能结构发生在实证研究之中。所以,马克思的科学批判理论只是一种方法论话语。马克思恩格斯后来多次谈到“哲学的终结”都是意谓这一语义。这种方法论话语的最大针对性,就是赫斯和蒲鲁东式的隐性唯心史观。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:458-459

1. The reason that we refer to Marx’s scientific critical theory as a kind of “discourse,” is to show that after 1847, Marx no longer directly used philosophical logic to criticize reality, not even using a scientific philosophical worldview. Marx’s new philosophical outlook was merely a form of historical materialism and the historical dialectic on a methodological level; its only legitimate role was in historical research, as a methodological guide to economics and political research, and as a latent, functional structure in the study of real facts. Therefore, Marx’s scientific critical theory is merely a methodological discourse. This is the meaning of Marx and Engels’ frequent reference to the “end of philosophy.” The primary target of this methodological discourse was the latent idealist conception of history espoused by Hess and Proudhon. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 359.

2. 然而,必须牢记的是,在恩格斯阐发他的哲学观点的三部主要著作中,有两部是在马克思生前写成的。《自然辩证法》虽然到1925年才最终出版,但初稿在1873年就开始撰写了。《反杜林论》在德国社会民主党的《人民国家报》(Volkstaat)上连载前,恩格斯实际上把每一期都念给马克思听过。只有《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》才是在马克思逝世以后写成的。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:7

2. It must, however, be remembered that two out of the three major writings in which Engels developed his philosophical views were composed during Marx’s lifetime: The drafts from which the Dialectics of Nature was eventually published (in 1925) were begun in 1873; and Engels actually read out to Marx the instalments of Anti-Dühring as he wrote them for the German Social Democrat newspaper Volkstaat. Only Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy was actually written after Marx’s death. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 9.

3. 就理论思想的层面来看,前苏东垮台之后,西方思想界大量充斥着资产阶级意识形态的“末世论”式的喧嚣,如“历史的终结”、“马克思主义的终结”等政治断言,同时不乏一些诸如“哲学的终结”、“人类的终结”之类的理论思潮蠢蠢涌动。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:311

3. After the collapse of the former Soviet Union and Eastern European socia1ist countries, the Western intellectua1 circ1e was filled with the "doomsday" uproars of capita1ist ideo1ogy, 1ike the po1itica1 assertions of "the end of history", "the end of Marxism," with the surging theoretica1 thoughts of “the end of phi1osophy,” “the end of man” and so on. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 406.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
恩格斯在《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》中明确地提出思维和存在的关系问题是哲学的基本问题,并从人类自我生成和创造的实践中来考察思维和存在的关系问题,使哲学基本问题获得了辩证唯物的解决,实现了思维和存在的真正统一。——《哲学基本问题的历史演变及其现代启示》,西北师范大学硕士学位论文,2010
Only Marx and Engles reveal the root of the basic philosophy clearly. Engels said, " Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy" in explicit He pointed out: the basic philosophy’ problem is the relationship between thinking and being is the basic problems of philosophy.

例句 2:
所谓哲学的终结实际上是针对传统的以形上的真理为口标的体系化哲学。从内容上看,哲学终结于自身的发展;从现象上看,哲学终结于科学的发展;从研究主题上看,哲学终结于人们将研究的视角转向人的现实生活本身或人的现实的生存状态;从认知上看,哲学终结于人们看破了哲学体系建构的秘密。——“论体系化哲学的终结”,载于《东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2005年第3期
The end of philosophy means the end of systematizing philosophy which aims to build a traditional system of metaphysical truth. In nature, philosophy ended in its own development; from the view of phenomenon, the philosophy ended as a result of the development of science; and from the view of research subject, philosophy will end because of the change of philosophical subject from the abstract system of truth-seeking to human's real life itself or living environment. From the view of cognition, philosophy should come to an end as its secret of establishing theoretical system reveals.

例句 3:
恩格斯的“哲学的终结”,是以黑格尔哲学为代表的西方传统哲学的终结,而不是一切哲学的终结。“哲学的终结”是哲学自身辩证否定的过程,这

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