资本主义生产过程【英】

capitalist production process; capitalist process of production

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 436.
[2] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 187.

定义

资本主义生产过程是劳动过程和价值增殖过程的统一，是资本主义生产过程的实质，是商品生产的资本主义形式。资本主义生产是以雇佣劳动为基础，以获取剩余价值为目的的生产。其生产过程具有二重性：一方面是生产使用价值的劳动过程；另一方面又是生产剩余价值的价值增殖过程（资本主义生产过程.via：http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=TD09P7WSmuCz_y3rIvhwb6OOqushCTqjRSII-AZB8Q6p7xG-qvsOOdD6-2d-THUjLCWxmGgYKwzg9vj_kSKJenaE9jshifZA4mxTwsW8Qi64lvGPiheNNrNthMfkbV4PnoUJkDGHJyjT5Vc2kbf1F10uw67iV03TxGGE91g4KhO）。
　资本主义生产过程，不仅要生产使用价值，而且要生产价值；不仅要生产价值，而且要生产剩余价值，因而是生产使用价值的劳动过程和价值增殖过程的统一。在资本主义生产过程中，劳动过程作为资本家消费劳动力的过程，有两个特点：一是工人在资本家监督下劳动。他的劳动属于资本家；二是劳动产品归资本家所有，不为直接生产它的工人所有。价值增殖过程的秘密在于劳动力的使用即劳动创造价值和剩余价值。虽然资本家购买劳动力按其价值支付了工资，但是，劳动力的使用当中由工人创造的价值大于工资，从而使价值增殖，资本家便得以无偿地占有工人创造的剩余价值（刘炳瑛，1988：696）。

定义来源

[1] 资本主义生产过程.via：http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=TD09P7WSmuCz_y3rIvhwb6OOqushCTqjRSII-AZB8Q6p7xG-qvsOOdD6-2d-THUjLCWxmGgYKwzg9vj_kSKJenaE9jshifZA4mxTwsW8Qi64lvGPiheNNrNthMfkbV4PnoUJkDGHJyjT5Vc2kbf1F10uw67iV03TxGGE91g4KhO
[3] 刘炳瑛.马克思主义原理辞典[M].浙江人民出版社，1988.

例句

1. 马克思的历史现象学建构，首先是从资本主义经济事实中作为中心显像的流通领域之幻象证伪开始的。在此，资产阶级经济学的一切物相意识形态和蒲鲁东式改良主义幻想，都第一次遭遇科学的重拳出击，被打得粉身碎骨。流通王国的幻境背后，呈现出由资本主义生产过程构筑的剥削性奴役经济关系本质。货币，作为特定社会关系的物化结果之真相，第一次在理论逻辑和真实的历史进程中得以澄清。随着“抽象为什么成为现实存在的统治”这一重要问题的解决，历史唯心主义的现代基础也第一次得到科学的说明。­­——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009：551

1. The construction of Marx’s historical phenomenology began by disproving the illusion of circulation as the central dominant phenomenon in capitalist economic “fact.” Here, all the illusions of the material ideology of bourgeois economics and Proudhon-style revisionism were first scientifically rebutted and completely overthrown. Behind the illusion of the “kingdom” of circulation appears the essence of the exploitive, enslaving economic relations created by capitalist production processes. Money, as the true form of the objectification of certain social relations, is clarified for the first time in terms of theoretical logic and in the true progression of history. Following the resolution to the important question of how the abstract comes to rule real existence, the modern basis of historical idealism is explained scientifically for the first time. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the context of Economics, 2014: 436.

2. 委员会共产主义者自认为他们已经回到马克思那里了，因为他们断言无产阶级是历史上第一个能够获得自我解放的阶级。资本主义生产过程需要一支专业化的和组织良好的工人大军，从而也武装了无产阶级，使它有能力成就为历史变革的倡导者。由于接受了无政府工联主义观点，他们也在某种程度上越出了马克思，认为不需要经过过渡性质的国家就可以达到共产主义。这些观点的先驱是卢森堡凶，以及奥地利马克思主义者马克斯·阿德勒（Max Adler），还有被列宁称为“经济主义者”的阿基莫夫（Akimov）那样的早期俄国马克思主义者。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：179-180

2. The Council Communists saw themselves as returning to Marx in their assertion that the proletariat was the first class in history to be able to achieve self-emancipation. The capitalist process of production required large units of specialised and well-organised workers and thus equipped the proletariat with the capacity to become the initiators of historical change. They also went to some extent beyond Marx by drawing on anarcho-syndicalíst views to say that communism could be achieved without passing through a transitional state. Their views had been preceded by Rosa Luxemburg, by such early Russian Marxists as Akimov, who was labeled an ‘economist’ by Lenin, and by the Austro-Marxist Max Adler. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 187-188.

3. 让我们­­——暂且­­——不论资产阶级经济学考察方法所具有的阶级辩护士的性质，并从纯方法论的角度来考察一下这种对立，那末我们就可以看到，资产阶级的考察方法把机器看作孤立的、独一无二的，是纯粹真实的“个体”（因为作经济发展过程的现象，机器­­——不是指单个样机­­——用李凯尔特的话来说是历史的个体），这种方法把机器在资本主义生产过程中的作用看作为机器的“永恒的”根本核心，看作为它的“个性”的不可分离的组成部分，从而歪曲了机器的真正的客现属性。­­——《历史与阶级意识­­：关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》，1996：233

3. Ignoring for the moment the aspect of bourgeois economics that constitutes an apologia on class lines, let us examine the distinction solely from the point of view of method. We then observe that the bourgeois method is to consider the machine an isolated unique thing and to view it simply as an existing “individual” (for as a phenomenon of the process economic development the machine as a class rather than particular appliance constitutes the historical individual in Rickert’s sense). We see further that to view the machine thus is to distort its true objective nature by representing its function in the capitalist production process as its ‘eternal’ essence, as the indissoluble component of its ‘individuality’. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1968: 152-153.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
马克思首先从人类历史发展的一般规律出发，以“生成性时间”批判了资本主义“千年王国”的意识形态幻象。随后深入资本主义生产过程中，以“物化劳动时间”批判完成了对资本主义必将灭亡的政治经济学指认。——“马克思资本主义批判的时间向度”，载于《社会主义研究》2015年第4期
Firstly, Marx starts from the general rule of human history, taking the “Generative Time” to criticize the ideological illusion of “Millennium Capitalism”. Then he takes the political economics as the horizon, goes deep into the capitalist production process, using the "Materialized Labor Time" to illustrate capitalism must be perish.

例句 2：
马克思所说的资源节约方式,是指科学技术进步而产生的资源节约，生产排泄物再利用而产生的资源节约，以及生产的聚集与工人的协作而产生的资源节约。马克思批判了资本主义生产过程中为了降低成本,提高利润率,加重对工人剥削的“资源节约方式”。——“马克思资源节约思想及其在中国的发展”，载于《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第4期
Marxist resources conservation refers to the conservation as a result of the progress of science and technology, the recycled excreta from production, the aggregation of production and the collaboration of workers. Karl Marx criticizes the capitalist way of resources conservation, which strives to reduce the cost and improve the profit by exploiting workers.

例句 3：
本章系统阐释马克思的科学技术生产力思想。在自由资本主义时期，马克思敏锐地观察到科学技术自觉应用于资本主义生产过程，并且前瞻性地预见到科学技术对于社会发展的革命性作用，因而提出了“生产力中也包括科学”的论断。——《马克思主义科技生产力理论研究：从马克思到哈贝马斯和邓小平》，吉林大学博士学位论文，2014
This chapter is mainly to state Marx's thoughts of the science and technology productivity. In the period of the liberal capi