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字词 独裁
释义

独裁【英】

dictatorship

译文来源

[1] Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. London: Routledge, 2001: 116.
[2] Dictatorship. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictatorship

定义

独裁意为独自裁断,多指独揽政权,实行专制统治。独裁也是一种政府的形式,由一个拥有无限威权的统治者,在不受法律及传统的制衡下,以个人意志来进行统治。而这个具备无限权力的统治者,称为独裁者;以独裁统治为统治方式形成的政治制度,称为独裁政体(via: http://baike.baidu.com/view/152047.htm)。独裁最为突出的阶段是奴隶制时期和封建社会时期,当时的贵族们为了维护自身的利益,凌驾于法律之上,以个人意志左右国家意志。现代政治中,与独裁相反的概念是民主,民主国家所享有的政治权力,在独裁国家中,都缺乏相对应的保障,包括法治、政治分权与制衡、平等的选举权、普遍的被选举权、言论自由与其他基本人权等。德国社会学家马克思·韦伯认为,独裁的形成,与独特的个人魅力有关,在独裁政府中,也会大力鼓吹个人崇拜。但值得注意的是,虽然人们经常认为独裁体制下的政府对其所有公民采取苛刻和近乎绝对的控制,但独裁或专制政治并不意味着暴虐的统治,比如十八世纪时发展起来的“仁慈的独裁”,即独裁者以其的权威在国内创建一些经过改良的政治、社会机构以实现其权力(via: http://baike.baidu.com/view/152047.htm)。

定义来源

via: http://baike.baidu.com/view/152047.htm

例句

1. 德波宣城自己在《景观社会》一书中“说明了现代景观本质上已是:一种继承了无责任之君权的市场经济的独裁统治及与这一独裁统治相伴随的政治新方法的总体”。作为一种独裁,景观当然与过去的暴政不同,它常常呈现为某种甜蜜的意识形态控制。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:88

1. Debord declares that in The Society of the Spectacle he has shown “what the modern spectacle was already in essence: the autocratic reign of the market economy which had acceded to an irresponsible sovereignty, and the totality of new techniques of government which accompanied this reign.” As an autocracy, the spectacle is apparently different from that of the previous tyranny in that it more often than not manifests itself as some mild ideological control. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 132.

2. 有一点很清楚:在这样的情况下,年轻的俄国资产阶级就把国家完全掌握在自己的手中。国家在所有重要的经济问题上都不得不屈从于它的意志。如果说它仍然容忍沙皇及其官吏们的专制独裁统治,那只是因为这个独裁统治不但由于官僚受贿而变得较为温和,而且它给资产阶级提供的保证,比即使是资产阶级自由主义式的改变所能提供的还要多,而在俄国国内目前这种情况下,进行改变的后果是谁也不能预测的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十二卷)》,1965:509

2. One thing is clear: in these circumstances the fledging Russian bourgeoisie has the state completely in its power. In all economic matters of important the state must do its bidding. If for the time being the bourgeoisie continues to put up with the despotic autocracy of the Tsar and his officials, it is only because this autocracy, mitigated as it is by the venality of the bureaucracy, offers it more guarantees than would changes even of a bourgeois-liberal nature, whose consequences no one could foresee, given the present internal situation in Russia. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 27), 1990: 432-433.

3. 当我们考虑到福山的《历史的终结》及其主张时,“新国际”的必要性变得昭然若揭。福山声称,由于欧洲共产主义的衰亡,自由民主在意识形态上取得了决定性的胜利,西方的民主制度代表着人类社会政治演化的终点,“尽管当前一些国家没能建立稳定的自由民主制度,尽管有些国家可能退回到更为其他更为原始的统治形式——例如军人独裁,但是自由民主观念再也不可能被超越”。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:182

3. The need for a New International becomes evident when we consider Fukuyama’s End of History and its claims that, with the demise of European communism, we have witnessed a decisive victory over ideology, and that Western democracy represents the end-point of humankind’s socio-political evolution: “While some present-day countries might fail to achieve stable forms of rule like theocracy or military dictatorship, the ideal of liberal democracy could not be improved on.” -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 116.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
只有6年级独裁型教养风格才通过影响父母支持水平作用于亲子信任。——《父母教养行为与教养风格对小学儿童亲子信任的影响》,浙江理工大学硕士学位论文,2014
And the children of grade 6 had the highest total explanation of parenting and parenting styles on parent-child trust.

例句 2:
但是,该宪法逆历史潮流,违背政治协商会议达成的主要修改原则和精神实质,维护总统独裁、实行中央集权,集中体现了蒋介石统治集团意志,具有明显的反动性。——《1946年<中华民国宪法>研究》,西南政法大学硕士学位论文,2013
But the constitution still served for the centralization and dictatorship of Kuomintang, out of the step with the major principles in the Political Consultative Conference.

例句 3:
本文主要研究20世纪30年代的“新式独裁”论,以当时中国面临的艰危局势为背景,概述了“新式独裁”论的产生、主要内容、思想渊源,并对它做了一定的分析。——《20世纪30年代的“新式独裁”论研究》,首都师范大学硕士学位论文,2009
This paper studied the “New Dictatorship” theory during the 1930’s against the background that China was faced with an exceptionally difficult situation, it outlined the New Dictatorship on the production, the main contents, the ideological origins, and it has done some analysis.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:19:33