字词 | 资产阶级庸俗经济学 |
释义 | 资产阶级庸俗经济学【英】bourgeois vulgar economics; vulgar bourgeois economics译文来源[1] Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 3) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977: 362. 定义资产阶级庸俗政治经济学简称“庸俗政治经济学”或“庸俗经济学”。它是只描述资本主义经济制度表面现象的资产阶级经济理论体系。资产阶级庸俗政治经济学的创始人是法国的萨伊和英国的马尔萨斯。它的实质是将古典经济学理论庸俗化,否定劳动价值论和剩余价值论。在1825年,经济危机的爆发,使资本主义制度的矛盾日益显露出来。面临这种形势,资产阶级更加需要的是对资本主义制度的辩护。为适应这种需要,便产生了庸俗政治经济学。庸俗经济学者抛弃了古典政治经济学中的许多科学成分,致力于抹煞阶级利益的对立,用各种各样的辩护理论,维护资产阶级利益。包括西尼尔的“节欲论”(效用是能直接或间接产生快乐或避免痛苦的能力,价值由三因素构成,供给受三种手段制约,“劳动”是工人放弃自己的安乐和休息所作的牺牲,资本是资本家的牺牲。工资是劳动的报酬,利润是节制的报酬。最后一小时论,评论,辩护性),约翰·穆勒的经济学说(折衷主义,反对经济规律永恒不变的观点,财富的分配取决于社会的法律和习惯,评价,把分配规律与生产规律割裂起来,把商品分为三类),巴师夏经济和谐论(社会就是交换,价值就是交换着的两种服务的关系,价值即服务的尺度就是服务提供者所作的努力和服务接受者所节省的努力,劳动就是努力紧张,社会上的一切收入都只是历史的别名。否认工资和利润的对立,把资本和劳动的关系说成是相互交换的两种服务的关系,是和谐的。)。在资产阶级经济学领域中,到19世纪30年代以后,庸俗主义政治经济学不去研究经济现象的内在联系,放弃了斯密和李嘉图的劳动价值论,提出边际效用价值论,描述从经济表面现象所见到的似是而非的外在联系,赋以学究气味,把资本主义生产方式看作符合人的本性的、自然的生产方式,从而把它宣布为永恒的真理。自此,庸俗经济学逐渐取代了古典政治经济学。 定义来源资产阶级庸俗政治经济学.via: 例句1. 首先,德国的经济学家从来也没有指责过马克思提出的理论同斯密、李嘉图的理论毫无关联;恰恰相反,他们却指责斯密和李嘉图派生了马克思,似乎马克思只是从这些先辈关于价值、利润和地租的理论中,总之,从先辈关于劳动产品分配的理论中引伸出结论。因此,他们就成了轻视古典学家的庸俗经济学家。您提到的布伦坦诺也会说您完全没有打中目标。—— 《马克思恩格斯全集(第三十八卷)》,1972:46 1. First of all, not one German economist has ever accused Marx of advancing theories that were not connected with those of Smith and Ricardo. On the contrary, what they do is reproach Smith and Ricardo with having produced Marx who, in their view, has merely drawn inferences from the theory, propounded by the aforesaid predecessors, of value, profit, rent and, lastly, the division of the product of labour. That is why they have become vulgar economists who don’t give a damn for the classicals. You cite Brentano whose reply to you would be that all your shots are wide of the mark. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 49), 2001: 141. 2. 只有商业资本占统治地位的这些经济上的原因,才能给我们提供一把锁钥,使我们了解商业资本实际上具有的各种不同的形式,在这些形式中经常可以看到(这是毫无疑义的)最普通的欺诈伎俩。相反的做法,——正如民粹派通常所作的那样,——即仅仅指出“盘剥者”的各种诡计,并根据这点而完全撇开现象的经济本质问题,就站到了庸俗经济学的观点上去。——《列宁全集(第三卷)》,1984:326 2. Only these economic causes of the domination of merchant's capital can provide the key to an understanding of the variety of forms which it assumes in real life, and among which we constantly meet (there can be no doubt of that) the plainest fraud. To proceed otherwise, as the Narodniks usually do, that is, to confine oneself to enumerating the various tricks of the “kulaks,” and on these grounds completely to brush aside the economic nature of the phenomenon would be to adopt the viewpoint of vulgar economics. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1977: 362. 3. 这种反思联系的粗率和无知,首先在于它模糊资本主义社会的历史的、暂时的性质。它的各种规定带有适合一语社会形态的无时间性的永恒的范畴的假象。这在资产阶级庸俗经济学中表现得最明显,但是庸俗的马克思主义很快就步其后尘。辩证的方法被取消了,随之总体对各个环节在方法论上的优越性也被取消了:各部分不从整体来理解,相反,整体被当作不科学的东西被抛弃,或者退位成了不过是各部分的“观念”或“总和”。——《历史与阶级意识——关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:57 3. The crudeness and conceptual nullity of such thought lies primarily in the fact that it obscures the historical, transitory nature of capitalist society. its determinants take on the appearance of timeless, eternal categories valid fox all social formations. This could be seen at its crassest in the vulgar bourgeois economists, but the vulgar Marxists soon followed in their footsteps. The dialectical method was overthrown and with it the methodological supremacy of the totality over the individual aspects; the parts were prevented from finding their definition within the whole and, instead, the whole was dismissed as unscientific or else it degenerated into the mere ‘idea’ or ‘sum’ of the parts. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: 9. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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