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字词 资产阶级专政
释义

资产阶级专政【英】

bourgeois dictatorship; dictatorship of the bourgeoisie

译文来源

[1] Mao Tse-tung: Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965:344.
[2] Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 29) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1974:559.

定义

资产阶级凭借国家机器对无产阶级和其他劳动人民在经济、政治、思想各方面实行的统治。其主要特征是实行行政、立法、司法三权分立。资产阶级是人类历史上最后一个剥削阶级,它的专政比奴隶主阶级专政和封建主阶级专政更完善、更进步。但资产阶级的民主,实质上只是对资产阶级而言,它的基本任务是维护资本家对工人的剥削,保证资产阶级在经济、政治、思想各方面对劳动人民实行统治。(金炳华,2003:338)资产阶级专政的方式不同于封建专制国家。它以民主共和制或君主立宪制取代封建割据君主制、等级君主制或君主专制制。作为封建专制制度对立物的资产阶级政党制度、议会制度以及公民享有某些权利的法律制度的产生,是历史上的一大进步。但是,在资产阶级占有生产资料和掌握国家政权的条件下,资产阶级民主制度如同资产阶级的军队、警察、法庭、监狱等暴力机器一样,本质都是资产阶级专政的手段和工具。19世纪末至20世纪初,资本主义进入帝国主义阶段,资产阶级强化其军事官僚机器,对内加强统治,对外加紧瓜分殖民地。第二次世界大战后,资本主义国家普遍变换方法,采用吸收工人参加管理,制定社会救济、社会保险等政策,大力发展科学技术和文化教育事业,促进经济发展,建立福利国家,调节和缓解国内的阶级矛盾。采取这些措施一定程度上改变了资产阶级专政的性质,并解决资本主义国家固有的生产社会性与生产资料私人占有之间的根本矛盾。(资产阶级专政.via:
http://baike.sogou.com/v179115.htm?fromTitle=%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E4%B8%93%E6%94%BF)

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.
[2] 资产阶级专政.via:
http://baike.sogou.com/v179115.htm?fromTitle=%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E4%B8%93%E6%94%BF

例句

1. 但是,现时中国的资产阶级民主主义的革命,已不是旧式的一般的资产阶级民主主义的革命,这种革命已经过时了,而是新式的特殊的资产阶级民主主义的革命。这种革命正在中国和一切殖民地半殖民地国家发展起来,我们称这种革命为新民主主义的革命。这种新民主主义的革命是世界无产阶级社会主义革命的一部分,它是坚决地反对帝国主义即国际资本主义的。它在政治上是几个革命阶级联合起来对于帝国主义者和汉奸反动派的专政,反对把中国社会造成资产阶级专政的社会。它在经济上是把帝国主义者和汉奸反动派的大资本大企业收归国家经营,把地主阶级的土地分配给农民所有,同时保存一般的私人资本主义的企业,并不废除富农经济。——《毛泽东选集(第二卷)》,1991:647

1. However, in present-day China the bourgeois--democratic revolution is no longer of the old general type, which is now obsolete, but one of a new special type. We call this type the new-democratic revolution and it is developing in all other colonial and semi-colonial countries as well as in China. The new democratic revolution is part of the world proletarian--socialist revolution, for it resolutely opposes imperialism, i.e, international capitalism. Politically, it strives for the joint dictatorship of the revolutionary classes over the imperialists, traitors and reactionaries, and opposes the transformation of Chinese society into a society under bourgeois dictatorship. Economically, it aims at the nationalization of all the big enterprises and capital of the imperialists, traitors and reactionaries, and the distribution among the peasants of the land held by the landlords, while preserving private capitalist enterprise in general and not eliminating the rich-peasant economy. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 326-327.

2. 这种殖民地半殖民地革命的第一阶段,第一,虽然按其社会性质基本上依然还是资产阶级民主主义的,它的客观要求,是为资本主义的发展扫清道路,然而这种革命,已经不是旧的、被资产阶级领导的、以建立资本主义的社会和资产阶级专政的国家为目的的革命,而是新的、被无产阶级领导的、以在第一阶段上建立新民主主义的社会和建立各个革命阶级联合专政的国家为目的的革命。因此,这种革命又恰是为社会主义的发展扫清更广大的道路。这种革命,在其进行中,因为敌情和同盟军的变化,又分为若干的阶段,然而其基本性质是没有变化的。——《毛泽东选集(第二卷)》,1991:668

2. Although such a revolution in a colonial and semi-colonial country is still fundamentally bourgeois--democratic in its social character during its first stage or first step, and although its objective mission is to clear the path for the development of capitalism, it is no longer a revolution of the old type led by the bourgeoisie with the aim of establishing a capitalist society and a state under bourgeois dictatorship. It belongs to the new type of revolution led by the proletariat with the aim, in the first stage, of establishing a new-democratic society and a state under the joint dictatorship of all the revolutionary classes. Thus this revolution actually serves the purpose of clearing a still wider path for the development of socialism. In the course of its progress, there may be a number of further sub--stages, because of changes on the enemy's side and within the ranks of our allies, but the fundamental character of the revolution remains unchanged. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 344.

3. 中间道路是没有的。只有公子哥儿、整脚的知识分子和卑劣的绅士这些连一本糟糕的书都没有学好的人,才会凭空幻想中间道路。世界上任何地方都没有而且不可能有中间道路。要么是资产阶级专政(用社会革命党人和孟什维克的关于民权制度、立宪会议、自由等等的漂亮词句掩盖着的),要么是无产阶级专政。谁没有从整个19世纪的历史中学会这一点,谁就是不可救药的白痴。而在俄国,在克伦斯基执政时期和在高尔察克统治下,我们大家都灌见孟什维克和社会革命党人是怎样幻想中间道路的。——《列宁全集(第三十七卷)》,1986:151-152

3. There is no middle course. The scions of the aristocracy, intellectualists and petty gentry, badly educated on bad books, dream of a middle course. There is no middle course anywhere in the world, nor can there be. Either the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie (masked by ornate Socialist-Revolutionary and Menshevik phraseology about a people’s government, a constituent assembly, liberties, and the like), or the dictatorship of the proletariat. He who has not learned this from the whole history of the nineteenth century is a hopeless idiot. And we in Russia have all seen how the Mensheviks and the Socialist-Revolutionaries dreamed of a middle course under Kerensky and under Kolchak. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 29), 1974: 559.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
巴丢和鲁索等没有认识到,无产阶级专政的目的是终结资产阶级专政。——“中国革命再探讨:阶级视角的回归”,载于《开放时代》2015年第4期
What Badiou and Russo fail to realize is that the aim of proletariat dictatorship is to put an end to bourgeois dictatorship.

例句 2:
而社会主义革命则是以无产阶级专政代替资产阶级专政,以社会主义生产关系代替资本主义生产关系的革命。——“‘改革是新的伟大革命’再解读”,载于《贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2016年第5期
Socialist revolution is to substitute bourgeois dictatorship with proletarian dictatorship and to replace capitalist relations of productions with socialist ones.

例句 3:
从对无产阶级的民主和对资产阶级的专政相结合出发理解无产阶级国家政权,不符合马克思恩格斯关于专政和无产阶级专政的思想。——“专政和无产阶级专政:理论和历史的考察”,载于《淮阴师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2016年第5期
The understandings of proletarian state power from the combination of democracy to the proletariat and dictatorship to the bourgeoisie did not meet the Marx and Engels’ thoughts about dictatorship and dictatorship of the proletariat.

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更新时间:2024/7/1 9:27:54