公共服务【英】

public service(s)

译文来源

Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 85.

定义

公共服务（public service(s)）是指由政府或公共授权的组织提供的具有共同消费性质的公共物品和服务（via: http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/公共服务）。公共服务是21世纪公共行政和政府改革的核心理念，包括加强城乡公共设施建设，发展教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育等公共事业，为社会公众参与社会经济、政治、文化活动等提供保障。公共服务以合作为基础，包括加强城乡公共设施建设，强调政府的服务性，强调公民的权利。狭义的公共服务不包括国家所从事的经济调节、市场监管、社会管理等一些职能活动，即凡属政府的行政管理行为，维护市场秩序和社会秩序的监管行为，以及影响宏观经济和社会整体的操作性行为，都不属于狭义公共服务，因为，这些政府行为的共同点，是它们都不能使公民的某种具体的直接需求得到满足。公民作为人，有衣食住行、生存、生产、生活、发展和娱乐的需求，这些需求可以称作公民的直接需求。至于宏观经济稳定、市场秩序和社会秩序等则是公民活动的间接需求，不是满足公民特定的直接需求的。公共服务满足公民生活、生存与发展的某种直接需求，能使公民受益或享受。譬如，教育是公民及其被监护人，即他们的子女所需要的，他们可以从受教育中得到某种满足，并有助于他们的人生发展。如果教育过程中使用了公共权力或公共资源，那么就属于教育公共服务（via: http://baike.so.com/doc/33277-34708.html）。

定义来源

[1] via: http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/公共服务
[2] via: http://baike.so.com/doc/33277-34708.html

例句

1. 全会决定对健全宏观调控体系、全面正确履行政府职能、优化政府组织结构进行了部署，强调政府的职责和作用主要是保持宏观经济稳定，加强和优化公共服务，保障公平竞争，加强市场监管，维护市场秩序，推动可持续发展，促进共同富裕，弥补市场失灵。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：77

1. The Decision also makes plans for improving macro control, correctly performing government functions in all areas, and improving the organization of government. It stresses the main responsibility and role of the government is to maintain the stability of the macro economy, strengthen and improve public services, ensure fair competition, strengthen market oversight, maintain market order, promote sustainable development and common prosperity, and intervene in situations where market failure occurs. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 85.

2. 全会决定提出，完善国有资产管理体制，以管资本为主加强国有资产监管，改革国有资本授权经营体制；固有资本投资运营要服务于国家战略目标，更多投向关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域，重点提供公共服务、发展重要前瞻性战略性产业、保护生态环境、支持科技进步、保障国家安全；划转部分国有资本充实社会保障基金；提高国有资本收益上缴公共财政比例，更多用于保障和改善民生。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：78

2. The Decision states that China will improve the state assets management system, strengthen state assets oversight with capital management at the core, and reform the authorized operation mechanism for state capital. State-owned capital investment operations must serve the strategic goals of the state, invest more in key industries and areas that are vital to national security and are the lifeblood of the economy, focus on offering public services, develop important and future-oriented strategic industries, protect the ecological environment, support scientific and technological progress, and guarantee national security. The government will transfer part of the state-owned capital to social security funds. We will increase the proportion of state-owned capital gains that are turned over to the public finance, to be used to ensure and improve the people’s livelihood. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 86.

3. 这些改革举措的主要目的是明确事权、改革税制、稳定税负、透明预算、提高效率，加快形成有利于转变经济发展方式、有利于建立公平统一市场、有利于推进基本公共服务均等化的现代财政制度，形成中央和地方财力与事权相匹配的财税体制，更好发挥中央和地方两个积极性。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：80

3. The main aim of the reform is to clearly define authority of office, reform the taxation system, make tax burdens stable and budgets transparent, and increase efficiency. It also aims to accelerate the development of a modern fiscal system that is conducive to the transformation of the economic growth pattern , the establishment of a fair market under unified rules, and the promotion of equal access to basic public services; develop fiscal and taxation systems that are compatible with the financial resources and authority of office of the central and local governments; and mobilize the initiative of both the central and local governments. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 89.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
政府向社会力量购买公共服务，是我国深化政府治理改革和优化公共服务供给机制的重要路径。——“政府向社会力量购买公共服务的改革意蕴论析”，载于《吉林大学社会科学学报》2015年第4期
It is an important choice for the Chinese government to purchase public service from social forces to deepen its governance reform and optimize the supply mechanism of public service. 

例句 2：
公共服务内容及其体系的界定是进行公共服务立法的前提，而公共服务的不同意义层次决定了公共服务的具体内容及体系。——“公共服务的‘意义’探析与内容重构”，载于《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2014年第4期
The definition of the content and system of public service is a premise for the legislation on it, while the different levels of significance of public service determines its concrete content and system. 

例句 3：
基于“汇聚资源、激发活力”的基本原则，建立以导向性经费资助政策、多元化薪酬绩效分配政策、专业化公共服务政策为主体的支撑保障政策体系，进一步夯实政府主导、高校引领、企业主体的协同创新中心发展建设格局。——“基于目标导向的协同创新中心外部支撑保障政策研究——以重庆市为例”，载于《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第3期
Based on the “convergence of resources, stimulate the vitality of the basic principles of” supporting the establishment of security policy system to guide funding policy, diversified performance pay allocation policy, professional public service policy as the main body, to further reinforce the government, universities, enterprises leading collaborative development pattern innovation center construction.