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字词 中产阶级
释义

中产阶级【英】

the middle class; the middle bourgeoisie

译文来源

[1] Mao Tse-tung: Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 14.
[2] Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. Taylor & France e-library, 2001: 83.

定义

中产阶级(或中产阶层),是指人们低层次的“生理需求,安全需求”得到满足,且中等层次的“感情需求和尊重需求”也得到了较好满足,但不到追求高层次的“自我实现需求”的阶级(或阶层);由于家庭是社会的细胞,且大部分人的财富是以家庭为单元拥有的,所以中产阶级主要由“中产家庭”组成。中产阶级,大多从事脑力劳动,或技术基础的体力劳动,主要靠工资及薪金谋生,一般受过良好教育,具有专业知识和较强的职业能力及相应的家庭消费能力;有一定的闲暇,追求生活质量,对其劳动、工作对象一般也拥有一定的管理权和支配权。同时,他们大多具有良好的公民、公德意识及相应修养。换言之,从经济地位、政治地位和社会文化地位上看,他们均居于现阶段社会的中间水平。中产阶层(或中产阶级),是社会稳定的基石;能否形成以中产阶层为主体的“橄榄型”社会结构,是一个国家或地区能否稳定发展的重要基础,也是实现高品质民主的前提条件。中二代,是世界各发达国家高科技人才的主要来源。中产阶层的主要来源:主要是教育和能力发展正常的中产子女(二代或多代),部分接受了良好教育并有较强职业能力的“贫二代”,以及少数“返贫”的“富二代”。(中产阶级. Via: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7/61166?fr=aladdin)

定义来源

中产阶级. Via:
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7/61166?fr=aladdin

例句

1. 中产阶级。这个阶级代表中国城乡资本主义的生产关系。中产阶级主要是指民族资产阶级,他们对于中国革命具有矛盾的态度;他们在受外资打击、军阀压迫感觉痛苦时,需要革命,赞成反帝国主义反军阀的革命运动;但是当着革命在国内有本国无产阶级的勇猛参加,在国外有国际无产阶级的积极援助,对于其达到大资产阶级地位的阶级的发展感觉到威胁时,他们又怀疑革命。其政治主张为实现民族资产阶级一个阶级统治的国家。——《毛泽东选集(第一卷)》,1991:4

1. The middle bourgeoisie. This class represents the capitalist relations of production in China in town and country. The middle bourgeoisie, by which is meant chiefly the national bourgeoisie, is inconsistent in its attitude towards the Chinese revolution: they feel the need for revolution and favour the revolutionary movement against imperialism and the warlords when they are smarting under the blows of foreign capital and the oppression of the warlords, but become suspicious of the revolution when they sense that, with the militant participation of the proletariat at home and the active support of the international proletariat abroad, the revolution is threatening the hope of their class to attain the status of a big bourgeoisie. Politically, they stand for the establishment of a state under the rule of a single class, the national bourgeoisie. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 4.

2. 马克思在第一篇演讲中曾宣称要说明三个问题:一是劳动与资本的关系,二是中产阶级和农民在资产阶级社会发展进程中的消亡,三是国际市场上各国资产阶级之间的不平等关系。实际上,从所发表的文本来看,马克思仅对第一个问題进行了讨论。于是,不久前《德意志意识形态》中的哲学视域又呈现在我们眼前。 ——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:492

2. In Marx’s first speech, he declared that he would explain three issues: first, the relation between labor and capital; second, the ruin of the middle class and peasants in the development of bourgeois society; third, the unequal relations between the bourgeois classes of different countries in the world market. In fact, from the published material that we have available, Marx only discussed the first issue. As such, the philosophical scope of The German Ideology once again appears before our eyes. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 386.

3. 在马尔库塞看来,不仅工人阶级被资本主义剥削,中产阶级也是如此。在必定会被称为“异端”的观点中,随着马尔库塞有意识地努力扩展反对资本主义的基础,反资本主义的阶级如今包括了资产阶级,而这一基础如今比马克思的时代更加根深蒂固。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:130

3. For Marcuse, it is not just the working class which is exploited by capitalism, the middle class is also. In what is certainly a deviationist move, the anti-capitalist class now includes the bourgeoisie, as Marcuse consciously strives to widen the basis of opposition to a capitalism far more entrenched than it ever was in Marx’s day. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 83.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
美国民意调查表明,美国民众对“中产阶级”存在一种强烈的身份认同。从某种意义上说,“美国梦”就是“中产阶级梦”。——“‘美国梦’衰落了吗?——奥巴马政府重建中产阶级基石的动因与举措”,载于《国际政治研究》2015年第3期
Polls show that there is a strong sense of identity for the “middle class” among Americans. In a certain sense, the “American dream” is a “middle-class dream”.

例句 2:
中产阶级亦未能避免危机的冲击,经济和社会地位大幅下滑,甚至因此陷入了“新贫困”——“拉美中产阶级的贫困化(1982~2002年):表现与动因”,载于《拉丁美洲研究》2014年第2期
The middle class was a victim of the crisis and witnessed a sharp decrease of their economic and social status.

例句 3:
19世纪末20世纪初,美国进步主义改革运动的兴起与当时中产阶级争取社会认同的努力之间存在着紧密的联系。——“美国进步主义运动与中产阶级改革者的崛起”,载于《天津大学学报(社会科学版)》2010年第2期
The rise of Progressive Movement in Ameirica at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century is closely related to the middle class’s pursuit for social recognition.

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更新时间:2024/7/1 9:01:44