江河源头和水源涵养区生态保护【英】

ecological protection of river sources and water source conservation areas

译文来源

中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第五期).via:
http://www.cctb.net/bygz/zywxsy/201607/t20160706_342970.htm

定义

《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议》提出，要筑牢生态安全屏障。加强水生态保护，系统整治江河流域，连通江河湖库水系，开展退耕还湿、退养还滩。推进荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理。强化江河源头和水源涵养区生态保护。开展蓝色海湾整治行动。加强地质灾害防治。（中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议.via:
http://news.cenews.com.cn/html/2015-11/04/content_35877.htm)
我国大江大河源头多数位于中西部山区经济相对落后，人民生活相对贫困的国家限制或禁止开发类型区，也是贫困县和贫困人口集中分布区。长期以来，江河源头地区承担着建设和保护生态环境的巨大负担，禁止和限制开发政策进一步限制了区域资源开发和经济发展，流域上下游地区社会经济发展水平的差距不断拉大，严重地影响了上游地区保护生态环境的积极性，增加了上游地区生态环境保护的压力。在江河源头区域实施生态补偿是建立和完善我国流域生态补偿机制的核心内容，已成为我国解决区域社会经济失衡、保护流域水资源生态安全问题的重要手段和迫切需要。(孔凡斌，2010：209)

定义来源

[1] 中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议[N].中国环境报，2015-11-04（03）.via:
http://news.cenews.com.cn/html/2015-11/04/content_35877.htm
[2] 孔凡斌.江河源头水源涵养生态功能区生态补偿机制研究---以江西东江源区为例[J].经济地理，2010-02，30（2）.

例句

1. 积极应对气候变化，扩大碳排放权交易试点。实施水污染防治行动计划，加强江河湖海水污染、水污染源和农业面源污染治理，实行从水源地到水龙头全过程监管。推行环境污染第三方治理。做好环保税立法工作。我们一定要严格环境执法，对偷排偷放者出重拳，让其付出沉重的代价;对姑息纵容者严问贵，使其受到应有的处罚。——《2015年政府工作报告》，2015

1. We will actively respond to climate change and expand the trials for trading carbon emissions rights. We will implement the action plan for preventing and controlling water pollution; strengthen control over pollution in rivers, lakes, seas, water pollution sources, and pollution from nonpoint agricultural sources; and ensure the safety of drinking water by carrying out oversight over the whole process, from the source to the tap. We will introduce third party governance in the handling of environmental pollution. We will work on the legislation for environmental protection tax. We must strictly enforce environmental laws and regulations; crack down on those guilty of creating illegal emissions and ensure they pay a heavy price for such offenses; and hold those who allow illegal emissions to account, punishing them accordingly. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2015.

2. 加快农业和农村经济结构调整。继续推进农业区域布局调整。大力发展畜牧业、水产养殖业和农产品加工业。积极发展农业产业化经营，提高农民进入市场的组织化程度和农业综合效益。努力扩大农产品出口。加大退耕还林还草力度。抓紧实施全国草原生态保护建设规划。加强农产品质量安全体系和农业社会化服务体系建设。坚持和完善农村土地承包政策，搞好非农用地的管理和调控，严禁滥占乱征耕地。继续深化农村各项改革。农村税费改革试点在总结经验、完善政策的基础上，在全国范围内推开。认真落实减轻农民负担的各项政策措施。进一步深化粮棉流通体制改革，切实保护农民利益。——《2003年政府工作报告》，2003

2. We should accelerate structural readjustment in agriculture and the rural economy. We should continue readjusting the distribution of agricultural areas. We should vigorously develop animal husbandry, aquatic farming and the processing of agricultural products. We should vigorously expand the industrial management of agricultural, better organize farmers’ access to the market and raise the overall efficiency of agricultural. We should forcefully increase export of agricultural products’. While returning more farmland to forests and grasslands. We should strengthen the system for quality and safety of agricultural products and the system of commercialized services for agriculture. We should continue implementing and improving the rural household land contract system, manage well the non-agricultural land and prohibit unauthorized use and expropriation of arable land. While continuing to deepen various reforms in rural areas, we should extend the experiment with rural taxes and administrative charges to all parts of the country on the basis of well summed up experience and improved policies. We should conscientiously implement all policies and measures designed to lighten the burden on farmers. We should protect farmers’ interest better by deepening the reform of the grain and cotton distribution system. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2003.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
我国大多数河流的源头地区常常是经济相对贫困的地区，同时也是以水源涵养为特征的重要生态功能区。保护建设好江河源头生态环境意义重大，而建立相应的生态补偿机制是保护建设好源区生态环境、促进流域上、下游和谐发展的重要保证。——“建立江河源头生态补偿机制的环境经济学解释与政策启示”，载于《江西科学》2009年第5期
Most of the river source areas in China are poor regions, but simultaneously have important ecological function characteristic of fresh water conservation. Therefore, it is important to soundly preserve the ecology and environment of the river source areas, while successfully establishing appropriate ecological compensation mechanism is necessary to guarantee the effective preservation of ecology and environment in these source areas and promoting the harmonious development of the whole river catchments.

例句 2：
研究表明，加强对位于高地表起伏度区的天然林保护区和水源涵养区的保护是维护和提高库区生态系统服务价值的有效途径。——“三峡库区（重庆段）地表起伏度及其对生态系统服务价值的影响”，载于《生态与农村环境学报》2016年第6期
The study reveals that strengthening the protection of natural forest reserves and water conservation zones in the areas high in ＲDGS is an effective way to protect and improve the ecosystem service values in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region．

例句 3：
针对石羊河流域上游水源涵养区草场退化、水土流失加剧、天然植被破坏、生态功能下降等问题，提出了建立健全保护治理统一管理机制、加大退耕还林还草力度、打击乱采乱开活动、开展“下山分流”生态移民工程、开展人工增雨增雪、建立稳定的资金投入机制、加强科学研究为流域生态安全把脉、完善水资源保障工程、落实最严格水资源管理制度、持之以恒开展人工生态建设等十大保护与利用措施，推动流域生态好转，保障经济社会用水安全，实现流域可持续发展。——“石羊河流域上游水源涵养区保护与流域供水安全”，载于《中国水利》2013年第5期