字词 | 不确定条件下的选择 |
释义 | 不确定条件下的选择【英】choice under uncertainty译文来源胡代光,高鸿业.西方经济学大辞典[Z].经济科学出版社,2000:703. 定义在传统的经济学中,决策或选择被假定是在所谓确定的条件下进行,即影响选择的任何条件(变量)都是确定的。例如,在消费者的选择中,影响消费者购买的约束变量(价格,收入)、商品质量和消费后的结果(效用)都是确定的。这种确定性不仅意味着这些变量的取值是确定的,而且还是消费者知道的(完全信息)。传统经济学的理论就建立在这种假设之上——被称为完全信息假设。然而,在实际情况中,影响选择的各种因素常常是不确定的或者是决策者不能确切知道的。这使得选择的过程完全不同于确定条件下的选择,这种选择被称之为不确定条件下的选择。 定义来源胡代光,高鸿业.西方经济学大辞典[Z].经济科学出版社,2000. 例句1. 介入政治或革命就是以这种方式奉献出自己,但是选择的自由也包括不奉献出自己的自由(即使这带来了堕入邪恶信仰的风险)。这就是把某种不确定的因素引入到阶级斗争之中,从正统的观念来看阶级斗争这样就会依赖个体的突然念头。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:147 1. To engage in politics, or a revolution, is to commit oneself in this fashion, but the freedom to choose includes the freedom to choose not to commit oneself as well (even if this does run the risk of lapsing into bad faith). This is to introduce an element of uncertainty into the class struggle, which from an orthodox perspective would now become dependent on the whim of the individual. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 93. 2. 未来的阶级统一尚未被它的主体认识到,但在过渡期间由按照他们利益行动的先锋队政党所代表,同时所说的主体竭力摆脱“虚假意识”状态。如果与在纯理论条件下的情况相反那种统一在任何现实的世界中都无法实现,那么上述关于未来的阶级统一的观念就会失败。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:33 2. The notion of a future class unity, as yet unrealised by its subjects, but represented in the interim by a vanguard party acting on their behalf while the subjects in question work their way out of the condition of false consciousness, falls apart if that unity is unrealisable under any real-world, as opposed to merely theoretical, circumstances. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 20-21. 3. 然而,对大多数马克思主义思想家来说,这是为了某种危险地接近无政府状态的东西而抛弃辩证唯物主义。“社会的不确定性”(indeterminacy)并不单单是无政府状态能够承认的一个概念,它是拉克劳和墨菲进行探究的基础。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:37 3. To most Marxist thinkers, however, that is to have abandoned dialectical materialism for something perilously close to anarchy. ‘The indeterminacy of the social’ is simply not a concept the latter can admit, whereas for Laclau and Mouffe it is the basis of their enquiry. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 24. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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