请输入您要查询的字词:

 

字词 流通费用
释义

流通费用【英】

the costs of circulation; circulation costs

译文来源

[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 28) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1986: 472.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 36) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1997: 133.

定义

商品流通过程中所支出的各种费用。它分为纯粹流通费用和生产性流通费用两种。
纯粹流通费用是由商品变为货币和由货币变为商品所耗去的费用。它包括:(1)用于商品买卖的费用,如广告费、商业雇员工资、买主与卖主之间的通讯联系费、订阅工商报刊和租赁商店等各项开支。(2)用于簿记上的费用。(3)用于维持货币流通方面的开支。纯粹流通费用是由商品的价值形态变化引起的,它是实现商品价值所必需的。纯粹流通费用并不增加商品的价值,它只能由生产领域创造的剩余价值或剩余产品来补偿。
生产性流通费用是由商品使用价值的运动引起的,它是因生产过程在流通领域内继续进行而支付的费用,如商品的保管、包装、运输费等。这些费用虽然不增加商品的使用价值,但却是完成使用价值从生产领域到消费领域的运动所必需的,因而也具有生产的性质。从事保管、包装和运输的劳动是生产性劳动,它不但能将消耗掉的物质资料的价值转移到商品中去,而且能够创造新价值,使商品的价值增殖(流通费用.via:http://kns.cnki.net/kns/brief/Default_Result.aspx?code=CRPD&kw=%e6%b5%81%e9%80%9a%e8%b4%b9%e7%94%a8&korder=0&sel=1)。

定义来源

流通费用.via: http://kns.cnki.net/kns/brief/Default_Result.aspx?code=CRPD&kw=%e6%b5%81%e9%80%9a%e8%b4%b9%e7%94%a8&korder=0&sel=1

例句

1. 但是,在这里加进一个要素:流通费用,这种费用不包含在简单的流通概念之内,并且在这里还与我们无关。关于作为经济行为的流通所产生的流通费用(即作为生产关系,而不是作为直接的生产要素的流通所产生的流通费用,如用于交通运输工具的费用),只有在研究利息,特别是研究信用时才能谈到。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十六卷下)》,1980:15

1. Nevertheless, one additional moment does enter here: the costs of circulation which are not contained in the simple concept of circulation and do not as yet concern us. The costs of circulation which derive from circulation as an economic act—as a relation of production, not as directly a moment of production as is the case of the means of transport and communication, can be properly discussed only when we come to interest and especially to credit. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 28), 1986: 447.

2. 假定商品转变为货币的行为是由契约确定的,那么,这也要花费时间——计算、过称、计量。这一要素减少,同样是生产力的发展。这种时间也只能看成是由商品状态转变为货币的外部条件;这一转变是预先决定了的;问题在于这一预先决定的行为所经历的时间。这属于流通费用。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十六卷下)》,1980:28

2. Suppose the act of converting the commodity into money is fixed by contract, this costs time—time involved in counting, weighing, measuring. The abridgement of this moment similarly constitutes an increase in productive power. This is time conceived only as the external condition for the transition from the form of commodity into that of money. The transition itself is presupposed. We are concerned with the time which elapses during this presupposed act. This belongs to the costs of circulation. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 28), 1986: 458-459.

3. 流通只有在生产过程中直接消费的劳动以外还需要重新使用他人劳动的情况下,才能创造价值。这就象在生产过程中直接使用了更多的必要劳动一样。只有实际流通费用才提高产品价值,但是却降低剩余价值。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十六卷下)》,1980:43

3. Circulation can create value only in so far as it requires additional employment—of alien labour—additional to that directly consumed in the production process. This is then the same as if more necessary labour were directly required in the production process. Only the real costs of circulation increase the value of the product, but they reduce surplus value. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 28), 1986: 471.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
运用古典经济学、新兴古典经济学与新制度经济学理论,考察了劳动分工、流通费用与流通产业发展的内在联系。——“基于分工与流通费用视角的流通产业演进机理探析”,载于《湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011年第6期
This paper applies the theory of classical economics, new classical economics and neo-institutional economics to investigate the internal relationship among division of labor, circulation expenses and the development of circulation industry.

例句 2:
在当今新技术革命推动下经济全球化程度加深:国际贸易不断发展、产品全球生产网络逐步形成、产业国际化程度提高等。促使价值构成国际化、流通费用在产品国际价值中的比重提高、国际价值形成途径发生新变化。——“马克思国际价值理论在经济全球化条件下的拓展”,载于《辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2009年第1期
Today, driven by new technological revolution, the level of economic globalization has been deepening: international trade has been developing; global production networks has gradually taken formation; the level of industrial internationalization has been advancing and so on, which lead to the internationalization of the value composition, the increasing proportion of circulation cost in products' international value and the new changes in the formation ways of international value.

例句 3:
在马克思经济学中,交易费用范畴只处于附属地位,马克思不是用交易费用工具而是用唯物史观方法来建立他的经济思想体系的。但他有着深刻而独特的交易费用思想,研究了诸如“交际费用”、“纯粹流通费用”等属于交易费用的问题,提出了许多有价值的思想。——“马克思的交易费用思想探讨”,载于《保定学院学报》2009年第5期
In Marx’s economics, transaction costs only a subordinate category. Marx was not to use transaction costs as a tool, but used histori

随便看

 

汉译英翻译词典收录46835条汉英翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用中文字词的英语拼写、翻译、音标、读音、用法、例句等,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2024 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/4/14 19:28:01