客观条件【英】

objective condition

译文来源

Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 347.

定义

客观条件与主观条件相对，指不以人的意志为转移的外在条件。客观条件和主观条件既有联系又有区别。毛泽东在《论持久战》一文中，谈到战争中人们的主观能动作用与客观条件的关系时指出：“指导战争的人们不能超越客观条件许可的限度期求战争的胜利。然而可以而且必须在客观条件的限度之内，能动地争取战争的胜利。战争指挥员活动的舞台，必次建筑在客观条件的许可以上，然而他们凭借这个舞台，却可以导演出很多有声有色、威武雄壮的戏剧来”（哲向东，1961：44）。主观条件作用的大小是以认识与利用客观条件的程度为转移的。人们主观能动作用的发挥总是以承认客观物质条件为前提。

定义来源

哲向东.略谈主观条件和客观条件[J]．江汉论坛，1961（3）.

例句

1. 马克思依然执著于批判资产阶级社会，但这一次，他不再从人的劳动本质异化中引申出那种价值否定，而是从经济运动本身的客观趋势中确认资产阶级社会灭亡的根据。首先，资产阶级社会大工业以自动化体系创造出“大量的生产力”，以至于“私有制成了它们发展的桎梏”。其次，资产阶级社会大工业消灭了各民族的特殊性，特别是创造了“一个真正同整个旧世界相脱离并与之对立的阶级”，这就是无产阶级。更重要的是，“大工业不仅使工人与资本家的关系，而且使劳动本身都成为工人不堪忍受的东西”，生产力的客观发展正在直接否定资产阶级社会的生产关系。这一观点，正是马克思在第一手稿思路2里论说分工与异化的关系时对那两个客观条件的具体的历史性诠释。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的的哲学话语》，2009：445-446

1. Marx was still set on criticizing bourgeois society, but this time he does derive a value negation from the alienation of the essence of man’s labor, but rather confirms the destruction of bourgeois society based on the objective trends in economic movement itself. First, the automatic system of bourgeois big industry creates “a mass of productive forces,” for which the private system became a fetter to their development. Second, bourgeois society’s big industry destroyed the peculiar individuality of the various nations, creating a proletariat class “which is really rid of all the old world and at the same time stands pitted against it.” More importantly, “big industry makes for the worker not only the relation to the capitalist, but labor itself, unbearable.” The objective development of productive forces immediately refutes the productive relations of bourgeois society. This view is a concrete, historical elucidation of the two objective conditions that Marx introduces in his discussion of the division of labor and alienated relations as part of “line of thought 2” in the first manuscript. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 347.

2. 因此，尽管斯密已经开启了劳动的价值决定的理论线索，但他还是无法摆脱从所换得的财富的角度来理解一个商品的价值问题。这便是致使他的价值理论仍然拖着一根“庸人的尾巴”的原因。准确地说，这是由于当时的手工业时代还没给他提供蜕去这根尾巴的客观条件。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的的哲学话语》，2009：59

2. Therefore, even though Smith began pondering on the value determining aspect of labor, he was unable to explain the value of a commodity without referring to the amount of wealth that could be obtained in exchange for it. Subscribing to this way of thought is what caused his labor theory of value to be bound down by the chains of vulgar economics. Specifically, Smith was constrained by vulgar economics because the artisanal industry of his time had not yet provided him with the objective conditions needed to free himself from these restrictions. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 31.

3. 现在，我国社会主义市场经济体制已经初步建立，市场化程度大幅度提高，我们对市场规律的认识和驾驭能力不断提高，宏观调控体系更为健全，主客观条件具备，我们应该在完善社会主义市场经济体制上迈出新的步伐。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：76-77

3. We have now basically established a socialist market economy in our country, with considerable improvement in the degree of marketization. We have gained better knowledge of the market rules and enhanced our capacity to use it to our benefit, and have improved the macro-control system. With both the subjective and objective conditions in place, we should take a new step forward to improve our socialist market economy. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 84.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
运用相关分析、回归分析等统计方法对郑州市社区居民体育运动偏好客观条件进行研究，指出：郑州市居民的客观条件即年龄结构、身高和体重对体育运动偏好有一定的预测作用。但影响居民体育运动偏好程度的强弱程度仅有4.5%，因此对影响居民体育运动偏好的因素分析应全面考虑。——“郑州市社区居民体育运动偏好客观条件的回归分析”，载于《河南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第4期
Using the correlation analysis, regression analysis and other statistical methods to investigate sports preference of Zhengzhou City Residents, this article concludes: Zhrngzhou reisidents’ objective condition suchas are age structure, height and weight have a certain predication effect on their sports preference, but the degree of this sports preference only reaches to 4.5%, so the factor analysis on influencing residents’ sports preference should be fully considered.

例句 2：
本文基于对当代文化建筑地景化设计这一类建筑设计类型的案例分析，对其所处客观条件限制与应对处理策略进行归纳总结，提出基地制约-契合场地、氛围营造-掩埋内隐、聚集效应-界面营造三类相对线性的建筑诉求与设计策略方法。——“浅析当代文化建筑地景化客观条件与应对策略”，载于《建筑与文化》2017年第1期
Based on the analysis of different kinds of cases of contemporary cultural landform architecture, this essay summarize the limitation of their objective conditions and the coping strategies, concluding three common strategies: base restriction-site matching、atmosphere creation-building concealment、aggregation effect-interface construction.

例句 3：
依法律行为的物权变动的条件包括主观条件和客观条件。主观条件就是当事人间的“合意”，客观条件就是要有“特定物”。——“论物权变动的主客观条件”，载于《法学论坛》2008年第3期
The conditions of the conveyance ac