字词 | 自然率与市场率 |
释义 | 自然率与市场率【英】natural rate and market rate译文来源刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994:227. 定义自然率与市场率是指自然利率与市场利率。最初是瑞典经济学家威克塞尔在《利息与价格》一书中所使用的概念。这一概念被当代西方许多流派的经济学家所使用。但是用于不同的分析目的。“市场率”是指真实利率的实际价值,而“自然率”是真实利率的均衡价值。威克塞尔使用“自然率”与“市场率”的概念的出发点是货币数量论,即长期内价格水平将与货币量同比例变化。他使用这一概念的目的是要解释货币与价格如何从一种均衡水平向另一种均衡水平移动的。这种均衡的移动被称为“累积性过程”。 定义来源刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994. 例句1. 马克思提出,斯密认为自然价格是由工资、地租和利润组成的,可他赞成蒲鲁东的意见:“一切物品的价格都太贵了”(蒲鲁东并不正确),所以,“工资、地租和利润的自然率完全取决于习惯或垄断,归根到底取决于竞争,而不是由土地、资本和劳动的性质中发展而来的。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:170 1. Marx points out that while Smith believes that natural prices are made up of wages, rents, and profit, he approves of Proudhon’s opinion that the price of all goods is too expensive (Proudhon is not correct in this).Therefore, “the natural rate of wages, rents, and profits is entirely determined by habit or monopoly. In the end, it is determined by competition and not the product of the nature of land, capital, or labor. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 124. 2. 因此,只要一天的劳动一直使甲得到同量的鱼,使乙得到同量的野味,那末无论工资和利润的变化怎样,资本积累所起的作用怎样,相互交换时价格的自然率始终是一样的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)》,1958:92 2. Consequently as long as a day’s work continues to give one the same quantity of fish and the other the same quantity of game, the natural rate of the respective exchange prices will always be the same despite variations of wages and profit and despite all the effects of accumulation of capital. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6), 1976: 123. 3. 当任何商品的价格不高不低,正好等于按自然率支付的地租、工资和用来生产商品、进行加工和送上市场所耗费的资本的利润时,这种商品就是按它的所谓自然价格出售了。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三十二卷)》,1974:98 3. When the price of any commodity is neither more nor less than what is sufficient to pay the rent of the land, the wages of the labour, and the profits of the stock employed in raising, preparing and bringing it to market, according to their natural rates, the commodity is then sold for what may be called its natural price. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 43), 1988: 46. |
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