字词 | 自发性 |
释义 | 自发性【英】spontaneism译文来源Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2001: 86. 定义所谓自发性即自我发生之意。对于事件的主体而言,自我发生的过程是自然而然、不知不觉的。陶渊明的诗句“云无心以出岫,鸟倦飞而知还”,就是对自发性的形象描绘。云固无心,鸟也决非有意,它们各依其本性自然地活动。值得注意的是,在市场经济的语境中,商品生产者和经营者的经济活动都是在价值规律的自发调节下追求自身的利益,实际上就是根据价格的涨落决定自己的生产和经营活动。因此,价值规律的第一个作用,即自发调节生产资料和劳动在各部门的分配。它在对资源合理配置起积极的促进作用的同时,也使一些个人或企业由于对全身的利益的过分追求而产生不正当的行为,比如生产和销售伪劣产品;欺行霸市,扰乱市场秩序;一切向钱看,不讲职业道德等。与此同时,价值规律的自发调节还容易引起社会阶层的分化,由此而产生的矛盾将不利于经济和社会的健康发展。 定义来源自发性. via: http://baike.sogou.com/v13211581.htm 例句1. 在马克思主义理论家看来,自发性依然具有一种可疑的特征。他们可以在欣赏它的革命意蕴的同时,对其缺乏理论基础保持十足的警惕。他们的一般担心是,自发性确实等同于混乱,而任何源自启蒙运动的理论的支持者都不可能对这样一种陷入非理性的可能性持乐观态度。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:134 1. Spontaneism continues to have a problematical character for the Marxist theorist, who can appreciate its revolutionary implications while remaining very wary of its lack of theoretical grounding. The general fear is that spontaneism really equals chaos, and no supporter of Enlightenment-derived theory can be sanguine about the possibility of such a collapse into the irrational. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 86. 2. 指出马克思主义美学中的反动倾向,就是表明在整个马克思主义理论中找到同样倾向的可能性。布莱希特声称:“我们不一定从具体的现存作品中获得同样的现实主义,但是我们应使用一切手段,无论是旧的还是新的,尝试过的还是未尝试过的,得自于艺术的还是得自于其他来源的,使现实以人们能够理解的形式呈现给他们。”这时,他再次唤醒了自发性的幽灵:个体在马克思主义政治精英的规定和控制之外的行动。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:139 2. To identify reactionary trends in Marxist aesthetics is to open up the possibility of finding the same in Marxist theory in general. When Brecht declares that, ‘We must not derive realism as such from particular existing works, but we shall use every means, old and new, tried and untried, derived from art and derived from other sources, to render reality to men in a form they can master’, he raises yet again the spectre of spontaneism: of individuals acting outside the prescriptions, and thus the control, of the Marxist political elite. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 89. 3. 由于共同暴露在“资本主义发展的必然规律”面前,阶级实现了统一,由此克服了自发性所暗含的偶然性;不过,正如拉克劳和墨菲指出的那样,这种统一在卢森堡那里只具有象征意义,从而使她不同于“第二国际的正统理论家”(对他们来说,经济基础的规律简单地决定了阶级的统一)。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:23 3. Class unity is achieved by common exposure to the ‘necessary laws of capitalist development’, thus overcoming the contingency implied by spontaneism; although this unity is, as Laclau and Mouffe point out, largely symbolic in Luxemburg, which distinguishes her from ‘the orthodox theoreticians of the Second International (for whom class unity is simply laid down by the laws of the economic base)’. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 14. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
随便看 |
汉译英翻译词典收录46835条汉英翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用中文字词的英语拼写、翻译、音标、读音、用法、例句等,是英语学习的有利工具。