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字词 理智(又作知性)
释义

理智(又作知性)【英】

reason; understanding

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:11-12.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1989: 351.

定义

理智又译为悟性或知性,主要指广种认识能力,是标志人的认识的一种能力或一定阶段的认识论范畴。理智的主要职能是对感性材料进行分析、抽象和推论,它赋予思维以严密性和确定性。柏拉图第一次比较明确的区分了理智和理性,他把知识区分为以数理学科研究的东西为对象的理智和以理念为研究对象的理性,理智是从假定的前提出发推论出结论。“亚里士多德在对灵魂的能力进行详细的分类的基础上,把理性又分为能动的理性和被动的理性。他认为理性的认识对象是可理解的形式,即事物的本质。被动的理性要认识可理解的形式,必须有能动的理性作用。这正如眼睛要感知颜色,必须有光线的作用一样”(谭鑫田,1992:288)。康德认为,理智是比感性较高级的认识形式,理智用一种先验的概念、范畴对感性材料进行疏理,使之成为具有必然性和普遍性的知识。康德认为,理智并不能达到“物自体”,不能超越经验的范围去把握事物的本质。黑格尔认为,理智是思维发展到一定阶段的形式,是一种有限的、形而上学的思维方式,以抽象目的为原则。此外他还认为,人的认识有待于从理智上升到以具体目的为原则的理性思维阶段而不能局限在理智阶段上(高清海,1988:671)。马克思主义哲学认为,理智是理性认识的一个小阶段,是认识从抽象上升到具体的必经环节,它的特点是以概念、范畴形式反映对象的个别属性、方面、因素。

定义来源

[1] 谭鑫田.西方哲学词典[Z].山东人民出版社,1992.
[2] 高清海.文史哲百科辞典[Z].吉林大学出版社,1988.

例句

1. “满足需要的愿望”“不是作为而且也不应当作为纯自然力发生作用,但是,它也和人的任何愿望一样,受理智和良心的指导。因此,由此产生的任何行动都是负责的,并且总是服从于道德的判断,诚然〈!〉,这种道德判断本身正在经受历史的变动。”——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十九卷)》,1963:396

1. “The ‘instinct to satisfy one’s needs’” “does not function, and is not meant to function, as a pure force of nature, but, like every human instinct, it is subject to the guidance of reason and conscience. Every act resulting from it is therefore an answerable one, and is always governed by a moral judgment, though this is admittedly” (!) “itself liable to historical change”. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24), 1989: 351.

2. 马克思主义者对这些问题的提法应该和民粹派先生们的一贯提法有所不同。后者是从“现代科学和现代道德观念”的角度提出问题的,照他们说来,似乎这类改革的不能实现,没有什么深刻的、潜藏在生产关系本身中的原因,而只是由于情感粗暴方面的阻碍,如“理智的光芒”微弱等等,似乎俄国是一块白板,现在只是需要在上面正确地规划正确的道路而己。——《列宁全集(第一卷)》,1955:429

2. The Marxists must raise these problems differently than Messrs. the Narodniks do. The latter pose the problem from the viewpoint of “modern science, modern moral ideas”; the matter is presented as though there are no profound causes of the failure to implement such reforms, causes contained within production relations themselves, as though the obstacle lies only in grossness of feelings, in the feeble “ray of reason,” etc.; as though Russia is a tabula rasa on which nothing has to be done except properly outline the right paths. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 1), 2008: 505.

3. 根据这种说法,“感性的直观能力(它为知性形式提供了内容),从根本上来说只是一种接受表象以某种形式结以前刺激的能力而已......这些表象的非感性原因是我们完全不知道的,而我们也不能将它们作为客体而加以直观......然而我们可将现象的理念的原西一般称作超验的客体”,目前只是为了使“我们具有和作为接受能力的感性相一致的东西。”——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:183

3. Above all in the form sometimes given to it by Kant, according to which: “the sensuous faculty of intuition (which furnishes the forms of understanding with content) is in reality only a receptive quality, a capacity for being affected in a certain way by ideas… The non-sensuous cause of these ideas is wholly unknown to us and we are therefore unable to intuit it as an object… However, we can call the merely intelligible cause of phenomena in general the transcendental object, simply so that we should have something which corresponds to sensuousness as receptivity.” -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: 115.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
正性情绪重视调节和负性情绪抑制调节对消极理智行为有直接影响,负性情绪宣泄调节和积极应对对消极理智行为有间接影响。——《大专生的嫉妒及其与情绪调节、应对方式的关系》,山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2010
Positive emotion emphasizing regulations and negative emotion oppressing regulations have direct influence on negative wise behaviors and negative emotion outlet regulations and positive coping methods have indirect influence on negative wise behaviors.

例句 2:
梁漱溟的“人心论”由本能、理智、理性三个基础概念组成,它们也是人心发展的三个阶段。——《梁漱溟“人心论”思想探析》,河北大学硕士学位论文,2010
Liang Shuming’s “people’s mind” theory settled down in practice of life, tried to solve the problem the way of life, which can be seen as the purpose for his thoughts. Liang Shuming’s “people’s mind” have three basic concepts, the instinct, the intellect, the rational.

例句 3:
《理智与情感》是简•奥斯汀的第一部小说。——《女权主义视角下比较分析<理智与情感>与<简•爱>的主人公》,辽宁大学硕士学位论文,2012
Sense and Sensibility is the first novel written by Jane Austen.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:18:55