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字词 集权制
释义

集权制【英】

centralism

译文来源

McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 49.

定义

集权制与分权制对称,是行政组织的权力结构形式之一,指行政组织一切事务的决定权集中于上级、下级凡事都秉承上级指示办理的组织体制。集权制的优点为利于保证命令统一、标准一致,便于维护组织的整体利益,统筹全局,集中力量;层级节制分明,指挥灵便,易于应变;命令便于贯彻、执行。缺点是如果运用不当,则不能因地制宜,缺乏生机和活力;上级易于滋生官僚主义,忽视地方或局部利益,影响下级主动性、创造性和积极性的发挥。在国家治理中,集权制以国家职权统一于中央政府,削弱地方政府力量为标志,中国古代的政体就是封建专制主义中央集权制度。其主要特征是皇帝个人专断独裁,集国家最高权力于一身,从决策到行使军、政、财大权都具有独断性和随意性。平衡集权制与分权制不但对个体组织系统是必须的,而且在社会系统的整体治理中尤为重要(钱潇唐,2010:146)。

定义来源

钱潇唐.浅谈集权制与分权制[J].新财经,2010(11).

例句

1. 卢森堡赞扬了后来几年俄国工人阶级示威运动的“自发”性。在她看来,中央集权制“无非是工人阶级中有觉悟的和战斗的先锋队的意志的强制性综合(与它的各个集团和成员相对而言)。这也可以说是,无产阶级领导层的‘自我集中制’,是无产阶级在自己的党组织内部的多数人统治”。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:44

1. Luxemburg praised the ‘spontaneous’ nature of Russian working-class demonstrations in recent years. For her, centralism ‘can be nothing but the imperative summation of the will of the enlightened and fighting vanguard of the working class as opposed to its individual groups and members. This is, so to speak, a “self-centralism” of the leading stratum of the proletariat; it is the rule of the majority within its own party organisation.’ -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 49.

2. 甚至布兰德勒(Brandler)领导下的奥地利共产党反对派,在他们看来也是不能接受的,因为无论这一派怎样严厉批评共产国际的官僚主义集权制,它仍然赞许斯大林主义。法西斯主义的崛起和研究所迁移到美国,加剧了上述不接受的倾向。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:272

2. Even the oppositional KPO under Brandler was unacceptable to them as it still approved of Stalinism, however much it might criticise the bureaucratic centralism of the Comintern. The rise of Fascism and the emigration to the United States reinforced this tendency. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 286.

3. 中央集权制处于齐泽克称之为“错误作为真理的内在条件这一逻辑”的对立面:对齐泽克而言,关键在于错误是不可根除的。(可以表明,经典马克思主义和资产阶级思想同样地忽视了损坏它们的历史叙述逻辑的那些失败错误。)——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:113

3. Centralism stands opposed to what Zizek calls the ‘logic of the error as an internal condition of truth’: the critical point being for Zizek that the presence of error can never be eradicated. (It could be argued that both classical Marxism and bourgeois thought are equally guilty of ignoring those failures/errors that spoil the logic of their historical narrative.) -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 72.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
本文以中央集权制为核心,统一了上述所有不利于近代中国科学技术发展的因素,并且结合历史研究和经济理论的新成果,在上述因素之外还证明了中国古代的财产权状况、抑制贫富分化的经济政策以及倾向于中央集权的意识形态等重要因素也对近代科学技术的发展有阻碍作用,并对它们之间的关系和相对重要程度进行了论述。——《古代中央集权制对近代中国科学技术发展的影响》,中国地质大学硕士学位论文,2003
This paper regards centralism as the key factor, and unifies around all above-mentioned negative factors in the modern China’s scientific technical development. Besides, combined with historical research and new achievement of the economic theory, I propose that proprietary state, the suppressing policy on polarization of wealth, and the pro-centralism ideology hindered the development of modern science and technology. And I have displayed the relation between them and relatively important degree.

例句 2:
集权论者大多主张将其他政制融入集权体制之中,有代表性的集权论有民主集权制、分治集权制、联治集权制、国会委员行政集权制等。——《1920年代中国知识界关于现代国家之政制设计及论争》,湖南大学博士学位论文,2010
The majority of commentators advocated that other political system into centralized system. There were some representative plans such as democratic centralization, partition centralization, joint centralization, administrative centralization with committee of congress and so on.

例句 3:
该部分首先将尝试从历史的视角分析让·博丹的“主权论”意旨和成因,说明君主享有主权在博丹那个历史时期所具有的合理性;其次,揭示“主权论”在政治世界中同中央集权制的对应,同时指出其实践意义,即在塑造法国这个民族国家的历史中所起的作用。——《主权论视角下的托克维尔》,西南政法大学硕士学位论文,2012
This part will analyze how Jean Bodin viewed the sove

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更新时间:2024/6/29 4:12:58