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字词 工业集中
释义

工业集中【英】

concentration of industry

译文来源

Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 22) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1974: 209.

定义

垄断竞争的现象之一,指的是少数几家大企业在某产业中的产量或销售量等占相当大的份额的情况,因此,工业集中相当于寡头垄断。(刘伟,1994:20)
 20世纪60-80年代,西方国家工业集中度一度呈下降趋势。进入90年代后,这些国家的工业集中度由下降转为上升。导致西方国家工业集中度上升的主要因素是经济全球化进程的加快、第五次企业并购浪潮的推动、信息网络技术的应用以及政府反垄断政策执行的放松。在今后一个时期,西方国家工业集中度上升的趋势将继续保持,并逐步形成全球范围内的寡头市场结构。(杜传忠,2002:47)
 改革开放以来的30年,随着市场经济新体制的逐步确立,中国进入工业化和城市化加速发展阶段,工业的地域分布出现了集中化的趋势。主要表现在:1、向东部沿海集中。工业向东部沿海地区集聚的程度高且势头强劲。改革初期的1978年,东部沿海的工业份额为48.86%,到2006年提高至59.04%,升幅达10.18个百分点;尤其是近些年国家相继加大了对中西部和东北政策支持的背景下,东部工业的集聚速度还在加快。2、向大都市圈集中。长三角、珠三角、京津冀三大都市圈占全国份额由40.6%提高至45%。3、向少数省份集中。工业增加值最大的前5个省区占全国的份额,由1978年的42.6%提高至47.6%。4、向各类园区集中。随着各级各类开发区的建立及其配套设施的完善,大量工业企业开始调整布局到这些开发区或者园区落户,专业化分工日趋显著,集群企业的竞争优势凸显。此外,重化工业向沿海地区集中的现象也很突出,特别是钢铁、石油化工、能源等大型企业,为降低运输成本和获取海外资源的便利,而依托大港口建厂。(陈耀,2008:15-16)

定义来源

[1] 刘伟.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994.
[2] 杜传忠.20世纪90年代以来西方国家工业集中度上升的原因及趋势[J].世界经济,2002(05).
[3] 陈耀.中国工业集中化趋势与区域协调发展[J].学习与实践,2008(3).

例句

1. 因此,1900年的危机引起的工业集中,其程度远远超过了1873年的危机。1873年的危机虽然也起了一种淘汰作用,使一些较好的企业保存下来,但是在当时的技术水平下,这种淘汰并没有能够使那些顺利地度过危机的企业获得垄断地位。——《列宁全集(第二十七卷)》,1990:345

1. As a consequence of this the crisis of 1900 resulted in a far greater concentration of industry than the crisis of 1873: the latter crisis also produced a sort of selection of the best-equipped enterprises, but owing to the level of technical development at that time, this selection could not place the firms which successfully emerged from the crisis in a position of monopoly. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 22), 1974: 209.

2. 这里的农产品总值是夸大了的,因为一部分农产品,例如饲料,被重复计入了畜牧业产值。但是,无论如何可以得出一个无可怀疑的结论,就是美国近的工业集中在北部,工业在这个地区比农业占优势。相反,南部和西部则基本上是农业地区。——《列宁全集(第二十七卷)》,1990:154

2. The total crop value is here overstated because a part of the crops, such as feed, recurs in the value of the livestock products. But in any case these figures show conclusively that almost five-sixths of American manufacture is concentrated in the North, and that manufacture prevails over agriculture in that section. The South and the West, on the contrary, are predominantly agricultural. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 22), 1974: 23.

3. 从上表可以看出,最大企业的数量增加了,它们的工人人数和生产总额也增加了,在正式登记的“工厂”的全体工人和全部生产总额中占了愈来愈大的比重。也许有人会向我们提出,既然工业集中了,那就是说大企业排挤小企业,小企业数量在减少,因此企业总数也随之减少。——《列宁全集(第四卷)》,1984:23

3. It can be seen from this table that the number of very large establishments is increasing, as well as the number of workers employed and the value of the output, which constitute an ever greater proportion of the total number of workers and the total value of the output of officially registered “factories.” The objection may be raised that if a concentration of industry is taking place, it means that big establishments are squeezing out the smaller, whose number and, consequently, the total number of establishments, is decreasing. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 4), 1977: 29.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
农民工规模呈现西北部最高、中部其次、沿海最低的地带性分布规律,农民工高密度地区主要分布在工业集中区和城市中心区;热点区(高聚集区)集中在西部和北部的宝安区和龙华新区,冷点区(低聚集区)则分布在南部的中心城区,与传统制造业布局相一致。——“深圳农民工集聚空间的演变特征及影响机制”,载于《地理科学》2016年11期
Second, the distribution of migrant workers in the city is characterized by a high degree of regularity. The density is highest in the northwest part, diminishes in the central area, and is lowest in the coastal regions. High density regions are found to be around the downtown areas and industrial concentration areas. “Hot zones”, i.e. high density areas, lie mainly in the district of Baoan and Longhua, which are in the western and northern part of the city respectively, while “cold zones”, i.e. low density areas, are around the downtown areas in the southern part of the city, which is also the place where traditional manufacturing industries are located.

例句 2:
兰州市西固石化工业集中区的发展为区域经济腾飞提供重要助力的同时,也随之产生了明显的环境问题,其中大气环境问题最为突出。如何有效的解决西固石化工业集中区的大气环境问题,已成为周边居民和兰州市政府关注的重大问题。——《西固石化工业集中区重污染天气下的特征污染物管控研究》,兰州大学硕士论文,2015
Concentrated area of petrochemical industry development in Lanzhou City Xigu provide an important boost for the regional economic growth, also have obvious environmental problems, the most prominent problem of atmospheric environment. How to effectively solve the problems of atmospheric environment district Xig

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更新时间:2025/3/9 22:58:24