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字词 理性
释义

理性【英】

reason; rationality

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:211.
[2] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx:Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 99, 122.
[3] Rationality. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationality

定义

西方哲学史和德国古典哲学中的重要概念,专指人的认识能力。理性一词通常指概念、判断和推理等思维形式或思维活动。在西方哲学上,最早使用理性一词的可能是苏格拉底和拉图。他们将人的心理活动分为意志、理性、激情三个部分,认为理性与激情是对立的,而意志则是理性的天然“盟友”。古希腊的斯多葛派认为理性是神的本性和人的本性。在古希腊之后,理性一词的内涵得到不断的发展,各个不同的哲学派别对理性亦有不同的理解和认识,但是无论是哪一个派别都将理性视为认识的重要来源。到了启蒙运动时期,尤其是18世纪法国唯物主义者和空想社会主义者都认为凡是合乎自然、合乎人性的就是理性,理性作为衡量一切现存事物的重要标准。18世纪的法国唯物主义者把理性视为反对封建意识形态的武器,其主要目的是建立一个理性和永恒正义的王国即资产阶级王国。可见,18世纪的法国唯物主义者的观点存在乌托邦的倾向。在德国古典哲学中,理性同知性相对,指认识的能力或阶段。康德把理性看成是认识的第三种能力或阶段,认为理性本身是无矛盾的,它不能认识自在之物。黑格尔批判康德限制和贬低理性价值的形而上学观点,认为理性是具体的、辩证的,是认识的最高阶段中的一个重要概念(金炳华,2003:211)。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 他实际上确认了在社会历史发展中自始至终存在的现象:所有制决定政治与法,现实决定观念!这样,黑格尔的错误就十分明显了:“这里被当成决定性因素的在宗教方面是理性,在国家方面则是国家观念。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:140

1. He actually confirms a phenomenon that existed in social historical development from the beginning: the system of ownership determines state and law, and reality determines ideas! Thus Hegel’s mistake becomes clear: what Hegel takes to be the determining element is reason in a religious sense, and the concept of the state in terms of the state. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 99.

2. 可马克思此时却认为,这种观点是私有制条件下敌对的利益“把人抽象掉的意义”,“平衡不过是撇开资本家和人的抽象的资本和劳动的平衡,正如社会仅仅是某种平均数那样”。由此可见,“在现代制度中,理性的规律只有通过把现存的关系的特殊性质抽象掉才能保持,或者说,规律仅仅以抽象的形式进行统治”。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:168

2. He argued that “equality here is nothing but the equality that comes from removing the abstract capital and labor of capitalists and people, just as society is simply resembles a mean.” Thus it can be seen that “in the present system, the laws of rationality can only be preserved through abstracting away existing relations; in other words, laws only rule in an abstract form. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 122.

3. 在第104页上,这位圣师认为,费尔巴哈用来把理性、爱和意志所构成的上帝的三位一体变成某种“在个人之中并统治着个人”的东西的那种异端邪说是极其丑恶的,好像现今任何天赋,任何爱好,任何要求在遭到环境妨碍而得不到满足的时候都不能确认自己是一种“在个人之中并统治着个人”的力量似的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷):德意志意识形态》,1956:96-97

3. On page 104 the holy father is mightily shocked by the heresy with which Feuerbach transforms the holy trinity of reason, love and will into something that “is in individuals and over individuals”, as though, in our day, every inclination, every impulse, every need did not assert itself as a force “in the individual and over the individual”, whenever circumstances hinder their satisfaction. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5): The German Ideology, 1975: 102.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
理性给人类带来了无限的辉煌,并得到持续的张扬,同时也暴露出其局限和困惑,理性内涵的多重意蕴导致理性自身长期的分离和失衡。——《论理性与非理性的对立统一》,黑龙江大学硕士学位论文,2004
Reason brings boundless splendor and glory to mankind. While it is continuously elevated and promoted it exposes its limitations and frustrations. The multiple conceptions of reason connotations have led to long-term separation and imbalance to reason itself.

例句 2:
哈贝马斯的社会批判理论是以交往理性为理性基础的。——《论哈贝马斯社会批判理论的理性基础》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2002
The social critical theory of tlabermas was based on communicative rationality.

例句 3:
时至今日人们发现理性与情感科学与道德的张力规范着社会发展的轨迹并将共同指导着二十一世纪世界文明的发展历程。——《理性之光——论伏尔泰的启蒙思想》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2002
Till now, people realized that the tension between ration and emotion, science and morality standardises the orbit of social improvement and the tension between them will direct the developing process of world’s civilisation in 21th century.

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更新时间:2024/11/5 11:04:05