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字词 幻觉
释义

幻觉【英】

hallucination; illusion; delusion

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:209.
[2] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 492.
[3] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 63.

定义

幻觉,是指在没有客观外界直接刺激感觉器官的情况下,由于人体内部的原因特别是大脑的不正常状态而产生的一种歪曲的或奇特的虚幻的知觉(金炳华等,2003:209)。幻觉表现为虚幻地看到、闻到或接触到通常情况下不存在的东西。按感觉器官的不同,幻觉可分为幻听、幻视、幻嗅、幻味、幻触等。对于幻觉者本人而言,幻觉似乎真有其事,幻觉者本人常采用相应的行为以作出反应;而在别人看来,幻觉者的行为往往与实际不相符合、不相协调。幻觉严重地影响和支配着幻觉者的思想、情感和行为。引起幻觉的原因,包括情绪因素、某种躯体疾病和精神病、以及某些药物或致幻剂的作用(廖盖隆等,1993:287)。幻觉不同于错觉。错觉是知觉映象没有正确反映客观事物的本来面目,但被错觉反映的对象是客观存在的;幻觉则是虚幻地看到、闻到、接触到一般不存在的东西,因而幻觉的对象通常是不存在的。多数正常人都有错觉,通过实践可以对错觉加以克服或矫正;而幻觉则是幻觉者本人自认为真有其事,并采用相应的行为所作出反应。因此,幻觉和错觉是具有不同的性质的(金炳华等,2003:209)。幻觉是人的思维过程中的一种心理阻碍(廖盖隆等,1993:287)。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华等.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.
[2] 廖盖隆等.马克思主义百科要览(上卷)[Z].人民日报出版社,1993.

例句

1. 马克思反讽地说:现在,让我们离开每一件事情都在众目昭彰情形下进行的喧哗地带,同货币所有者和劳动力所有者,到静悄悄的生产场所去罢。那里大门上挂着“非公莫入”的牌子。在那里,不仅可以看到资本怎样生产,而且可以看到资本怎样被生产。嫌钱术的秘密最后一定会暴露出来。他洞幽察微,深刻地指出,资产阶级的自由平等只是一种社会经济假象上的意识形态幻觉。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:622

1. Marx sarcastically writes: Accompanied by Mr. Moneybags and by the possessor of labor-power, we therefore take leave for a time of this noisy sphere, where everything takes place on the surface and in view of all men, and follow them both into the hidden abode of production, on whose threshold there stares us in the face “No admittance except on business.” Here we shall see, not only how capital produces, but how capital is produced. We shall at last force the secret of profit making. Marx profoundly points out that bourgeois freedom and equality was nothing but an economic semblance, an ideological illusion. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 492.

2. 他认为,黑格尔那里“在辩证法的最核心之处一种反辩证法的原则占了优势”,即否定之否定还等于肯定。固然黑格尔承认矛盾,但他总是以“同一性来平息矛盾”;他也标举否定和批判,但这种否定的目的还是重新肯定。于是,“否定之否定也是一种同一性,一种新的幻觉。是推论的逻辑一一最终是主观性原则一一对绝对的投射”。阿多诺说,这种负负得正的逻辑正是一种更狡猾的“同一化的精髓”。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:37

2. He thinks, for Hegel, what, thus wins out in the inmost core of dia1ectics is the anti-dia1ectical principle, which means the negation of negation is positivity. Although Hegel acknowledges contradictoriness, he always uses “identity to ease contradiction”; he advocates negation and critique as well, but the goal of such negation is still affirmation. Therefore, “the negation of negation would be another identity, a new delusion, a projection of consequential-and ultimately of the principle of subjectivity-upon the absolute.” Adorno says, such logic of double negation getting to positivity is a slyer “core of identification.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 63-64.

3. 在一定意义上,经验论要求从个人主体的直接性出发,以反对将作为经验感知材料出现的整合式统觉错认为外部事物,这有其合理性。所以,经验论的“直接性要求停止对派生物的偶像崇拜”,从而打碎素朴实在论的物体幻觉。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:58

3. In a certain sense, empiricism asks us to start with the individual subject’s immediacy, so as to reject mistaking the integrated apperception occurring as the material of sensual perception for the exterior thing. It is not unreasonable. Hence, empiricist “immediacy requires to stop idolatry of derivation,” and thereby to smash the object's illusion in naïve realism. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 91.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
传统的揭真相、去幻觉、肃认知己经对它无效,我们必须借助马克思发现的叫做无产阶级的症状或“圣症”来颠覆它。——“齐泽克笔下的资本主义恋物癖”,载于《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》2017年第1期
Exposing the truth, unraveling hallucinations or correcting false cognition are powerless against this form of fetishism. It can be subverted by Marx’s symptom or “sinthome” - i.e. the proletariat.

例句 2:
荣格幻觉理论促成了荣格的整个理论体系的完整性,在文学批评方面具有实用性,对于相关研究领域具有启示性,但这一理论并非完美无缺,而存在概念不确定、观察角度单一、缺少理性思维等缺陷,在研究和运用时应予注意。——《荣格幻觉理论的美学意义》,山东大学硕士学位论文,2009
Jung’s theory of hallucination contributes to the integrity of his theoretical system. It is practical in literary criticism and has a great enlightening significance in related fields. But the theory is not perfect too. Uncertain concepts, a single observation angle, lack of rational thinking. For these defects, we must pay more attention to this theory in study and application.

例句 3:
在后期,拉康将幻觉确定为客体小a的物化,即声音作为实在的“物”的形式的在场。——《关于幻觉——对精神分析理论中幻觉概念的疏理的尝试》,四川大学硕士学位论文,2007
In his later discussions, Lacan had made hallucination a kind of substantialization of the Object a, that means, the presence of voice in its substantial form.

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更新时间:2024/6/26 9:23:51