字词 | 个人的全面发展 |
释义 | 个人的全面发展【英】all-round development of the individual译文来源Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1986: 87. 定义个人的全面发展,与人的片面的、畸形的发展相对,是指作为社会主体的每一个人在个性、道德、能力等方面的和谐、自由、全面的发展和完善。个人的全面发展是马克思的共产主义的社会理想和人类理想(朱贻庭,2011:58)。社会的人的发展是一个历史过程,具体个人的发展带有明显的时代特征。在人类社会发展的早期阶段,社会分工尚未形成或尚未发展起来,物质生产活动与认知、审美、社交等活动以朴素自然的形式融台在个人活动之中,因而个人的发展呈现为原始的丰富性(李淮春,1996:178)。现代资本主义的机器大工业使自发分工日益扩大和细致化,从事生产劳动的个人被按照机器的技术要求组织起来,并日益被降格为机器的单纯附属物。马克思通过考察资本主义的异化现实,指出要实现个人的全面发展;同时,首次指出个人的全面发展的可能性在于人类物质生产力的高度发展。马克思认为,高度发展的物质生产力能够使必要劳动时间之外的自由时间,转变为个人发展自身的全面才能的自由时间,从而为人的自由发展提供物质基础(金炳华,2003:319)。只有在共产主义社会里,劳动才成为自由自主的劳动,个人全面发展的理想才能实现;而且,个人的全面发展不只具有个体的意义,每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件(李淮春,1996:178)。 定义来源[1] 朱贻庭.伦理学大辞典(修订本)[Z].上海辞书出版社,2011. 例句1. 在共产主义社会高级阶段上,在迫使人们奴隶般地服从分工的情形已经消失,从而脑力劳动和体力劳动的对立也随之消失之后;在劳动已经不仅仅是谋生的手段,而且本身成了生活的第一需要之后;在随着个人的全面发展生产力也增长起来,而集体财富的一切源泉都充分涌流之后,——只有在那个时候,才能完全超出资产阶级法权的狭隘眼界,社会才能在自己的旗帜上写上:各尽所能,按需分配!——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十九卷)》,1963:22-23 1. In a higher phase of communist society, after the enslaving subordination of the individual to the division of labour, and thereby also the antithesis between mental and physical labour, has vanished; after labour has become not only a means of life but life's prime want; after the productive forces have also increased with the all-round development of the individual, and all the springs of common wealth flow more abundantly—only then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois right be crossed in its entirety and society inscribe on its banners: From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs! -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24), 1986: 87. 2. “在共产主义(即社会主义)社会的高级阶段上,当迫使人们奴隶般地服从社会分工的情形消失后,当脑力劳动和体力劳动的对立随之消失后,当劳动不再只是谋生的手段,而其本身已成为生活的第一需要时,当生产力也随着个人的全面发展而相当增长时……只有那时才能完全打破资产阶级法权的狭隘界限,而社会才能在自己的旗帜上写着:‘各尽所能,各取所需。’”(见“哥达纲领批判”)——《斯大林全集(第一卷)》,1953:245-246 2. “In a higher phase of communist (i.e., socialist) society, after the enslaving subordination of the individual to the division of labour, and therewith also the antithesis between mental and physical labour, has vanished; after labour has become not only a means of livelihood but life’s prime want; after the productive forces have also increased with the all-round development of the individual . . . only then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois law be crossed in its entirety and society inscribe on its banners: ‘From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs’” (see Critique of the Gotha Programme). -Quoted from J. Stalin Works (Vol. 1), 1954: 339. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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