字词 | 边际效用 |
释义 | 边际效用【英】marginal utility译文来源刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994:133. 定义效用是指商品或劳务满足消费者的欲望或需要的能力。边际效用,又称“最后效用”,是指在消费一定量的某种物品中最后一单位所具有的效用,即从追加一单位的商品或劳务消费中所增加的效用。边际效用学派产生于19世纪70年代,由以边际效用决定商品价值的理论为基础的几个学派组成,其中包括奥地利学派、数理统计学派等。边际效用理论的核心是边际效用价值论。现代微观经济学认为,只有边际效用才能显示出因物品稀少程度的变动而带来的价值量的变动,边际效用是衡量价值的尺度。边际效用概念作为一种经济分析工具,在实际生活中被广泛运用,如人们在对不同商品进行选择时,在对现期消费与未来消费进行选择时,在对一定资源的利用和时间的分配上,都会借助这一概念来对货币、资源、时间进行合理配置(李琮,2000:59)。 定义来源[1] 李琮.世界经济学大辞典[Z].经济科学出版社,2000. 例句1. 而有人认为也许象“边际效用论”那样对问题的提法能够清除这种障碍,那是错误的:企图从市场上的“主观”行为出发,而不从决定市场本身和市场上“主观”行为方式的客观商品生产规律和运动规律出发,这只是把问题的提法降到越来越推导出来的、越来越物化了得水平上,而这并没有扬弃这种方法的表面性质,即没有扬弃它在原则上排除具体物质的作法。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:169 1. It would be a mistake to suppose that certain analytical device—such as we find in the ‘Theory of Marginal Utility’—might show the way out of this impasse. It is possible to set aside objective laws governing the production and movement of commodities which regulate the market and ‘subjective’ modes of behaviour on it and to make the attempt to start from ‘subjective’ behaviour on the market. But this simply shifts the question from the main issue to more and more derivative and reified stages without negating the formalism of the method and the elimination from the outset of the concrete material underlying it. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectic, 1971: 104. 2. 在其形式上有普遍性的交换行动,正好是“边际效用论”的基本事实,同样也扬弃作为使用价值的使用价值,同样也创立具体不同的、甚至无法比较的一些物质之间的那种抽象相同性关系,并由此产生出这种限制。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:169 2. The formal act of exchange which constitutes the basic fact for the theory of marginal utility likewise suppresses use-value as use-value and establishes a relation of concrete equality between concretely unequal and indeed incomparable objects. It is this that creates the impasse. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectic, 1971: 104. 3. 而这种抽象形式上的方法限制恰恰也在作为认识目的的抽象“规律”上表现出来,这种认识目的成了边际效用论注意的中心,古典经济学也是如此。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:169 3. The limits of this abstract and formal method are revealed in the fact that its chosen goal is an abstract system of ‘laws’ that focuses on the theory of marginal utility just as much as classical economics had done. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectic, 1971: 105. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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