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字词 社会物质生产
释义

社会物质生产【英】

the material production of/in society

译文来源

Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 198.

定义

社会物质生产是在一定的生产关系下,人们利用生产工具去改造、加工劳动对象,创造物质财富,同时满足自身需要的物质活动,也称生产或社会生产。马克思和恩格斯认为,社会生存的根本前提是人的生存与发展,首先要解决吃喝穿住问题,所以社会物质生产是人类生存的“第一个历史活动”(马克思等,1995:79)。恩格斯在《家庭、私有制和国家的源起》中提到:“根据唯物主义观点,历史中的决定性因素,归根结蒂是直接生活的生产和再生产。但是,生产本身又有两种,一方面是生活资料即食物、衣服、住房以及为此所必需的工具的生产;另一方面是人自身的生产,即种的蓄衍”(马克思等,1995:247) 。社会物质生产是人类在意识指导下进行的有目的、有计划的活动,是能动地改造自然界、人类社会及人本身的自觉活动。构成社会物质生产的两个必要条件,即生产资料和劳动者。生产资料为社会物质生产提供了物质基础,劳动者是社会物质生产的主体,起主导作用,两者构成了整个社会的生产力。但生产资料与劳动者必须相互作用,构成一定的生产关系,才能进行社会生产。因此,社会生产包括了生产力和生产关系两个方面。生产活动是人类最基本的实践活动,是人类社会存在和发展的基础,它决定了政治、文化及其他一切活动的性质和方向。社会物质生产具有社会历史性,在不同的社会制度下具有不同的表现形式。资本主义社会,其私有制的性质决定了它以最大限度地榨取剩余价值为目的。社会主义社会,其公有制基础的性质决定了它以不断满足人民群众日益增长的物质生活和文化生活需要为目的,进行社会生产(迟福林,张占斌,1992:1155)。

定义来源

[1] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集(第一卷)[C].人民出版社,1995.
[2] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷)[C].人民出版社,1995.
[3] 迟福林,张占斌.邓小平著作学习大辞典[Z].山西经济出版社,1992.

例句

1. 其次,早期政治经济学的理论运作,自觉或不自觉地以社会物质生产作为整个社会生活的基础,并且,他们或多或少地开始把研究的重心放在从社会活动中抽象出来的社会关系和运动规律上这正是后来马克思恩格斯创立历史唯物主义的真正理论基础。这里包含了两个重要理论质点:一是物质生产,二是从社会生活中抽象出来的社会关系。前者是从重商主义到重农主义的过渡(流通领域到生产领域的转场)中实现的理论转变,也是斯密和李嘉图奠定其学科理论基础的前提。因为对于全部古典经济学而言,物质生产的基础性是与劳动价值论联系在一起的。­­——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:34

1. The second evidence that demonstrates the existence of this form of materialism, one that affirms material production and objective economic relationships in social life, lies with the beliefs of early political economists. Whether consciously or unconsciously, early political economists believed that social material production was the basis of all social life. In addition, they based their studies on the laws, abstracted from social activity, that governed social relations. This basis on laws of social relations was the real theoretical foundation upon which Marx and Engels established historical materialism. In terms of these laws, there are two important theoretical points that we need to discuss: material production and social relations abstracted from social life. The former is the theoretical shift that occurred during the transition from mercantilism to physiocracy (from circulation to production), which is also the premise of Smith and Ricardo’s theoretical foundation. It is their premise because for all classical economists, the fundamentality of material production is linked to labor theory of value. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the context of Economics, 2014: 10.

2. 在米塞尔登的《自由贸易或贸易繁荣之道》一书中,早期重商主义所特有的观点得到了清楚的阐述,即将货帀看作是世界上唯一真实的财富,它具有统治人类的万能力量。随着资产阶级社会物质生产的发展、工业的成长以及货币顺差政策为贸易顺差政策所代替,重商主义对货币的偏向才得以克服。­­——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:346

2. In Misselden’s Free Trade or the Means to Make Trade Flourish, he clearly elucidates the views of early mercantilists, which was that money was the only true wealth on earth, that it had the power to rule over all mankind. As the material production and industry of bourgeois society began to develop and monetary surplus policies were replaced by trade surplus policies, the mercantilist bias towards money was finally overcome. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the context of Economics, 2014: 267.

3. 阿多诺说,当代的社会物质生产过程的主观预想是未被解决的部分,或者是没有与主体相调和的部分。直接点破说,人们对现代社会物质生产过程一一实际上是商品(市场)经济还是知之甚少的。西方主流经济学早已沦落为操作层面的工匠主义,即使是凯恩斯以后的干预主义,也不是对市场经济的本质真的有所了解的结果。所以,市场经济的理性(本质和规律)对人来说还是无理性和无意识的.这仍然是“看不见的手”。纵然人们会牵住它迷雾里伸来的一两只臂腕,可现代全球化市场体制真是云烟中的千手观音。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:16-17

3. Adorno states that, the subjective precondition of the material production process in society is the unresolved part, the part un-reconciled with the subjects. In other words, people know little about the material production process in society, namely, the commodity (market) economy. The dominating economics in western society has degenerated into an operational level of handicraftsman. Even Keynes’ government interventionism is not an outcome that comes from authentic understanding of the essence of market economy. Therefore, the rationality of market economy still remains irrational and unconscious to people: it is an “invisible hand.” People may catch hold of one or two of its pulses, but it remains mysterious in the wholesale. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 35.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
马克思以唯物主义的基本立场解剖析市民社会的结构和本质矛盾,把市民社会的物质生产实践作为全部历史之基础,使哲学思辨终止于现实生活面前,实现了作为“历史科学”的唯物史观之创建。——《马克思的市民社会理论和唯物史观的创建》,复旦大学博士学位论文,2006
From the fundamental standpoint of materialism, Marx anatomized the structure and elementary contradiction, and regarded the material praxis as the base of all history, and let philosophic speculation end in actual life, in virtue of which the historical materialism was founded.

例句 2:
解决司法行政化问题必须根据社会物质生产能力、社会文化的发展水平等因素的改变,积极的、有策略的、通过有规划的长期改革才能实现。——《我国司法行政化问题检视》,黑龙江大学硕士学位论文,2011
Resolving the problem must consider the changes of the social material production capacity, the social culture of development level and other factors. It can be attained though positive, strategy, and long-term reform.

例句 3:
全面建设小康社会,是中华民族在新世纪新的奋斗目标。在实现全面建设小康社会这一宏伟蓝图过程中,我国高校以其消费社会物质生产资料;培养社会物质生产资料所需人才;研发社会物质生产资料所需技术;策化社会物质生产要素合理配置等新的作用,直接地拉动着社会经济的发展。——“浅谈高校在全面建设小康社会中的新作用”,载于《广西民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003年第6期
It is the Chinese nation's new strive target in the new century to construct a fairly prosperous and secure society in an all-round way. During the process of realizing the grand blueprint, the higher-learning institutions directly push and develop the local economy by consuming social productive materials, training talents needed by social production, developing techn

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更新时间:2024/11/11 2:31:01