敦煌石窟形制【英】

shape of the grottoes in Dunhuang

定义

敦煌石窟建筑形式的规制。敦煌石窟的各类窟形名称，除少数(如大像窟之类)外，均不见于文字记载，亦未闻口头流传。将其归类命名，并以形制规之，并非古时称谓及范制，而是今人据其特点而取名。其分类大致如下：（1）中心塔柱窟（2）覆（倒）斗顶型窟（3）殿堂窟（4）大像窟（5）涅槃窟、七佛窟（6）禅窟（7）僧房窟（8）影窟（9）瘗窟。

It refers to the architectural types and structures of the grottoes in Dunhuang. With only a few exceptions (e.g. the great Buddha grottoes), no written or oral records can be found about the names of various kinds of grottoes in Dunhuang, so without the ancient terms and conditions, the grottoes are categorized and named and classified into different types and structures by modern people according to their features. The categorizing generally includes: (1) central stupa grottoes, (2) grottoes with inverted funnel-shaped roof, (3) hall grottoes, (4) great Buddha grottoes, (5) nirvana grottoes, seven-Buddha grottoes, (6) meditation grottoes, (7) monk grottoes, (8) portrait grottoes and (9) burial grottoes.