字词 | 成本 |
释义 | 成本【英】cost译文来源2016年政府工作报告.via: 定义在经济学中成本是指厂商在从事商品和劳动生产或分配时所使用的生产要素的价值。对于厂商来说,他要把所购买的生产要素用于最获利的用途上来,因此经济学理论中是从机会成本的角度来考察成本。由于经济学中的成本是指机会成本,所以他与一般的会计成本不同。会计成本只包括购买原材料、劳动等的直接成本以及折扣、一般管理费等间接成本,这些显成本不包括正常利润,经济学中的成本不仅包括上述显成本,还包括属不正常利润的自有资金估算费用,风险费用等隐成本。例如企业主自由资金估算利息不包括在会计成本中,但却包括在经济学成本中。成本是经济学中一个重要的概念,成本-收益分析在经济学中有着广泛的运用。在成本分析中区分总成本、平均成本、边际成本加以讨论。(刘伟,1994:198) 定义来源[1] 刘伟.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994. 例句1. 通过建立审计成本模型,分析重大资产重组引发的审计师变更行为。以2007—2012年A股上市公司为样本,实证分析重大资产重组、审计师行业专长和产权性质的共同作用对审计师变更行为的影响。研究发现,发生重大资产重组的上市公司,审计师变更的可能性更高;审计师行业专长能够抑制重大资产重组上市公司的审计师变更行为;审计师行业专长的抑制作用在国有产权性质的上市公司中更为显著。——《重大资产重组、审计师行业专长与审计师变更》,2014:30 1. Based on the established audit cost model, we analyze the auditor switching behavior arising from the material assets reorganization. Using a sample of A-share listed companies during the 2007--2012 period in China, we examine empirically the joint effects of material assets reorganization, auditor industry specialization, and ownership of auditor switching behavior. The results reveal that the likelihood of auditor switching increases after companies carry out material assets reorganization. Furthermore, auditors with industry specialization arc more likely to inhibit auditor switching behavior following material assets reorganization. Further findings show that the inhibition effects arc more significant in the nature of state ownership companies. -Quoted from Material Assets Reorganization, Auditor Industry Specialization, and Auditor Switching, 2014: 39. 2. 做好政府工作,必须高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中全会精神,以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导,深入贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神,按照“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局,坚持改革开放,坚持以新发展理念引领发展,坚持稳中求进工作总基调,适应经济发展新常态,实行宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的总体思路,把握好稳增长与调结构的平衡,保持经济运行在合理区间,着力加强供给侧结构性改革,加快培育新的发展动能,改造提升传统比较优势,抓好去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板,加强民生保障,切实防控风险,努力实现“十三五”时期经济社会发展良好开局。——《2016年政府工作报告》,2016 2. To ensure that the government’s goal for this year is accomplished, we must do the following: hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics; implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee; follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development; put into practice the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses; work in accordance with the overall plan for promoting all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy; continue reform and opening up; follow the new vision of development; follow the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable; adapt to the new normal in economic development; follow the general guidelines that macro policies should be stable, industrial policies targeted, micro policies flexible, reform policies practical, and that social policies should ensure basic needs; maintain a balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments; ensure that the economy operates within an appropriate range; strengthen supply-side structural reform; accelerate the fostering of new driving forces for development; strengthen traditional comparative advantages; cut overcapacity and excess inventory, deleverage, reduce costs, and strengthen points of weakness; strengthen basic safeguards for public wellbeing; prevent and control risks. By working to achieve all of these, we should get off to a good start in economic and social development during the period covered by the 13th Five-Year Plan. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016, 2016. 3. 稳健的货币政策要松紧适度。广义货币M2预期增长12%左右,在实际执行中,根据经济发展需要,也可以略高些。加强和改善宏观审慎管理,灵活运用公开市场操作、利率、存款准备金率、再贷款等货币政策工具,保持货币信贷和社会融资规模平稳增长。加快资金周转,优化信贷结构,提高直接融资比重,降低社会融资成本,让更多的金融活水流向实体经济。——《2015政府工作报告》,2015 3. We will pursue prudent and balanced monetary policy. The M2 money supply is forecasted to grow by around 12% in 2015, but the actual growth may be slightly higher than this projection depending on the needs of economic development. We will work to strengthen and improve macro-prudential regulation, adopt a flexible approach in our use of monetary policy tools including open market operations, interest rates, required reserve ratios, and re-lending, and maintain steady growth in the supply of money and credit as well as aggregate financing in the economy. We will speed up the turnover of funds, improve the credit structure, increase the proportion of direct financing to total financing, and reduce the cost of financing, thereby allowing more financial resources to be channeled into the real economy. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2015. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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