工业化城市【英】

industrial conurbation; manufacturing city

译文来源

[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 252.
[2] Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 2) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1972: 237.

定义

工业化革命发生后出现或形成的城市。由于工业革命的推动，迅速而起的城市化潮流，使城市在经济、政治和社会文化各个方面都发生了根本性的变化。和前工业化城市相比，工业化城市具有如下方面的特点：（1）自然特征，一般都是有面积大、开放型的性质。城市人口占社会人口的绝大部分。在社会成员中，等级、职业和宗教方面的交流相对增加或提高。（2）功能与社会结构。城市成为社会中制造业、金融业、商业和社会文化活动协调的中心。基本上不存在固定的社会阶级结构，上层社会由少数的商人、科学家组成。中间阶层由大量的参加技术工作的人组成，科学劳动的地位大大提高。（3）经济结构，工业称为国民经济的主导地位，社会财富主要来自工资和资本，商业活动的地位提高，市场一般具有国际性，存在着大量整年度的存货；有全国的工会，生产经营专业化程度提高，服务区域广，价格制度比较统一，讲究时间效率，工作时间规划，生产也出现标准化。（4）宗教组织，政教分离，宗教组织权力薄弱，并为中间阶层所操纵，其神秘色彩逐步消失。（5）政治结构，政府建立在公民民主制度之上，政府的功能是通过警察、法院等管理社会，从事公关服务和社会福利，合理地征收税负。（6）教育和传播，教育是为社会大众服务，主要进行技术、科学教育，并进行广泛普及。重视文字传播，广泛保持文字记录，推行标准化语音，使用印刷体，文化传播一般是大众化和通俗化的。（刘伟等，1994：20）

定义来源

刘伟，梁小民，雎国余，杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社，1994.

例句

1. 关键性的转折出现在中国最大的工业城市上海。在这里，1966年12月关于把“文化大革命”扩展到工人中去的决议引发了大规模的骚乱，在年底爆发了一股罢工和煽动涨工资及改善工作条件的浪潮。以巴黎公社为榜样的说法在过去就存在，次年2月初“上海人民公社”成立了。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：240

1. The decisive turning point occurred in China’s largest industrial conurbation, Shanghai. Here the decisions of December 1966 to extend the Cultural Revolution to the workers led to widespread unrest. A wave of strike and agitation for higher wages and better working conditions had broken out by the end of 1966. There had been talk of the Paris Commune as the model to be followed and in early February a Shanghai People’s Commune was established. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 252.

2. “近60年来（写于1844年）英国工业的历史，在人类的编年史中是无与伦比的历史…… 60-80年前，英国和其他任何国家一样，城市很小、工业少而不发达、人口稀疏而且多半是农业人口。现在它却是和其他任何国家都不一样的国家了：有居民达250万的首都，有许多巨大的工业城市，有供给全世界产品而且几乎一切东西都是用极复杂的机器生产的工业，有勤劳而明智的稠密的人口，这些人口有三分之二从事于工业和商业，完全是由另外的阶级组成的，而且和过去比起来实际上完全是具有另外的习惯和另外的需要的另外一个民族。——《列宁全集（第二卷）》，1984：204

2. “Such, in brief, is the history of English industrial development in the past sixty years” (this was written in 1844), “a history which has no counterpart in the annals of humanity. Sixty, eighty years ago, England was a country like every other, with small towns, few and simple industries, and a thin but proportionally large agricultural population. Today it is a country like no other, with a capital of two and a half million inhabitants; with vast manufacturing cities; with an industry that supplies the world, and produces almost everything by means of the most complex machinery; with an industrious, intelligent, dense population, of which two-thirds are employed in trade and commerce, and composed of classes wholly different; forming, in fact, with other customs and other needs, a different nation from the England of those days. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 2), 1972: 237.

3. 英国许多地方的居民没有足够的资本来改良和耕种他们的土地。苏格兰南部各郡的羊毛，因为缺乏就地加工的资本，大部分不得不通过很坏的道路，长途运送到约克郡去加工。英国有许多小工业城市，那里的居民缺乏足够的资本把他们的工业产品运到可以找到需求和消费者的遥远市场上去。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第四十二卷）》，1979：72

3. The inhabitants of many different parts of Great Britain have not capital sufficient to improve and cultivate all their lands. The wool of the southern counties of Scotland is, a great part of it, after a long land carriage through very bad roads, manufactured in Yorkshire, for want of capital to manufacture it at home. There are many little manufacturing towns in Great Britain, of which the inhabitants have not capital sufficient to transport the produce of their own industry to those distant markets where there is demand and consumption for it. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1975: 257.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
东莞市处于改革开放的前沿阵地，社会、经济飞速发展，创造了举世瞩目的“东莞奇迹”，成为中国最具活力、经济最活跃的新兴工业城市之一，是举世闻名的现代制造业名城。——《转型时期东莞市消防管理存在问题与对策研究》，华南理工大学硕士学位论文，2010
Dongguan City is in the forefront of the reform and opening up. The community and the economy develop very quickly. It created a world-renowned “Dongguan miracle”. Dongguan City has become one of the most dynamic emerging industrial city.

例句 2：
其城市观念的矛盾性主要表现在两个方面：体现在工业城市的叙事上，是滋生疾病、传播死亡的漆黑的“焦煤城”与充满活力、挽救生命的希望世界的矛盾；体现在城市的中上层女性叙事上，是作风放荡、道德败坏的贵妇名媛与洁身自好、优雅高贵的人间天使的矛盾。——“《简·爱》城市观念的矛盾性”，载于《山东外语教学》2016年03期
The concept of contradiction of the city is mainly manifested in two aspects: the narrative embodied in the industrial city, is a breeding ground for disease spread, contradictory death dark “coal city” and full of vitality, hope to save the life of the world; reflected in the upper female narrative of the city, is the style of debauchery, immoral Lady Ladies with abstinence, elegant angel contradiction. The writer city concept contradiction is the inevitable mutation characteristic of the early British city of “radical”, shows that the perplexity and struggle writer from rural society to the city in the process of rapid social transformation thought, opposition and collision of the rural city narrative perspective and works and the writer grasps in.

例句