八倒【英】

The Eight Upside-Down Views　

定义

凡夫所迷执的八种颠倒的错误见解。对生死的无常、无乐、无我、无净，执定为常、乐、我、净者，是凡夫的“四倒”；对涅槃的常、乐、我、净，执定为无常、无乐、无我、无净，是二乘人的“四倒”。这两种“四倒”合起来就是“八倒”。

The eight upside-down views that are often held by the unenlightened and those who follow the two Hīnayāna traditions (considered “lesser” Buddhist schools). The unenlightened believe in permanence, pleasure, the ego, and the attainment of purity in the transient, secular world, where in fact none of these are real. The two Hīnayāna branches of Buddhism deny these qualities in nirvana when—in fact—they actually exist.