全要素生产率【英】

total-factor productivity; multi-factor productivity

译文来源

[1]Report on the Work of the Government, 2016. via: http://english.gov.cn/premier/news/2016/03/17/content_281475309417987.htm
[2]Total-factor productivity. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_factor_productivity

定义

所谓全要素生产率，也叫总和要素生产率，是指包括人力、财力、物力在内的资源开发利用效率，即总产量与全部要素投入量之比，常用来作为衡量科技进步的指标（严行方，2013：252）。全要素生产率是宏观经济学的重要概念，也是分析经济增长源泉的重要工具，尤其是政府制定长期可持续增长政策的重要依据。全要素生产率的综合效率包括技术进步、组织创新、专业化和生产创新等（赵海均，2013：171）。全要素中的“全”，并不是指“所有”，而是指经济增长中无法明确归入相关有形生产要素的部分。全要素生产率的来源包括技术进步、组织创新、专业化、生产创新、资本、劳动、土地等（具体分析时通常会忽略土地因素）。从经济增长的角度来说，生产率与资本、劳动等要素投入都贡献于经济的增长。从效率角度考察，生产率等同于一定时间内国民经济中产出与各种资源要素总投入的比值。全要素生产率增长率，也叫技术进步率，是指当上述全要素的投入量不变时仍然增加了的生产量，计算公式为：全要素生产率增长率=产出增长率-要素投入增长率。从本质上说，全要素生产率反映的是一个国家或地区为了摆脱贫困、落后和发展经济在一定时期内表现出来的能力和努力程度，是技术进步对经济发展作用的综合体现（严行方，2013：252）。全要素生产率是用来衡量生产率的指标，主要有三个方面：一是效益的改善；二是技术进步；三是规模效应。

定义来源

[1]严行方.看懂财经新闻[M].厦门大学出版社，2013.
[2]赵海均.现代发展经济学[M].中国经济出版社，2013.

例句

1. 二是大力推进结构性改革。当前发展中总量问题与结构性问题并存，结构性问题更加突出，要用改革的办法推进结构调整。在适度扩大总需求的同时，突出抓好供给侧结构性改革，既做减法，又做加法，减少无效和低端供给，扩大有效和中高端供给，增加公共产品和公共服务供给，使供给和需求协同促进经济发展，提高全要素生产率，不断解放和发展社会生产力。——《2016年政府工作报告》，2016

1. Second, make major headway in carrying out structural reform. At present, we face problems both with aggregate supply and demand and with our structures. The structural problems are more acute, and reform should be conducted to adjust these structures. While working to achieve an appropriate expansion of aggregate demand, we need to give particular emphasis to structural reform on the supply side, reducing supply in some areas while increasing it in others. This means that we need to reduce ineffective and lower-end supply while increasing effective and medium- and high-end supply, increase the supply of public goods and services, ensure that development is driven by both supply and demand, and improve total-factor productivity. This should enable us to unleash and develop productive forces. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016.

2. 第二，保持稳增长与调结构的平衡。我国发展面临“三期叠加”矛盾，资源环境约束加大，劳动力等要素成本上升，高投入、高消耗、偏重数量扩张的发展方式已经难以为继，必须推动经济在稳定增长中优化结构。既要稳住速度，确保经济平稳运行，确保居民就业和收入持续增加，为调结构转方式创造有利条件；又要调整结构，夯实稳增长的基础。要增加研发投入，提高全要素生产率，加强质量、标准和品牌建设，促进服务业和战略性新兴产业比重提高、水平提升，优化经济发展空间格局，加快培育新的增长点和增长极，实现在发展中升级、在升级中发展。——《2015政府工作报告》，2015

2. Second, we need to maintain a proper balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments. In its current stage of development, China has to simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies. As resource-related and environmental constraints grow and costs for labor and other factors of production rise, a model of development that draws on high levels of investment and energy consumption and is heavily driven by quantitative expansion becomes difficult to sustain. We must therefore improve the economic structure while ensuring steady growth. The growth rate must be kept steady to ensure that economic performance is stable, and that employment and personal incomes carry on increasing, thus creating a favorable environment for making structural adjustments and transforming the growth model. At the same time, structural adjustments must be made to consolidate the foundation for ensuring steady growth. We need to increase research and development spending, raise total factor productivity, improve quality, standards, and brand-building, strengthen the service sector and strategic emerging industries and increase their share of the economy, improve the overall structure of economic growth, and work harder to foster new areas of growth and growth poles. With these efforts, we can ensure that economic upgrading and development reinforce each other. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2015.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
为解决上述问题，中国工业迫切需要加快绿色转型，走出一条既能发展经济，又能保护资源环境的可持续发展之路。其中，实现绿色转型的关键在于不断提高由全要素生产率所代表的质量贡献。——《中国工业绿色全要素生产率及影响因素研究》，暨南大学硕士学位论文，2012
Therefore, in order to solve these problems, China's industry need to accelerate the green transformation urgently and walk out a sustainable development road which can expand economy and also can protect resources and environment. Among them, the key of green transformation’s realization is to improve the total factor productivity which represents the quality contribution.

例句 2：
综合上述三方面的研究内容，得到如下结论：文化产业中要素市场的非完善性和地区市场分割，限制了要素的自由流动，加之文化产业的行业管制等计划管理模式阻碍了文化企业的自由进入和退出，两方面的作用导致了要素在行业间、地区间、所有制间和企业间的错配；要素错配的存在伤害了文化产业的发展，导致其全要素生产率的损失。——《要素错配对文化产业的影响：理论，机制和实证》，东北师范大学博士学位论文，2014
In short, the perfection of cultural industry in the factor market and regional market segmentation, and limit the free flow of factors, combined with the cultural industry in the industry control plan management model, such as the free entry and exit of cultural enterprises, the role of the two aspects led to the elements in between industries, between regions, between ownership and mismatch between enterprises; Elements of the existence of mismatch hurt the development of cultural industries, leading to the loss of total factor productivity.

例句 3：
如果我们将国内市场的一体化视为全要素生产率的对内开放,那么我们就可以