字词 | 主客观统一说 |
释义 | 主客观统一说【英】the unification of subjectivity and objectivity译文来源朱志荣.也论朱光潜先生的“美是主客观统一”说——兼论黄应全先生的相关评价[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013,28(3):9-16,158. 定义对美的本质的一种界说。中华人民共和国成立以来美的本质讨论中四种主要观点之一,它认为美是主观作用于客观、两者统一的产物。以朱光潜为代表。在20世纪50年代的美学讨论中,朱光潜明确提出“美是主观与客观的统一”的观点。他认为美必须以客观的自然事物作为条件,但是单纯的客观事物并不成为美,它还仅仅是“物”,而不是“物的形象”。要使“物”变成“物的形象”,就需要加上主观意识形态的作用。在《论美是客观与主观的统一》中,他进一步提出:“美是客观方面某些事物、性质和形状适合主观方面意识形态,可以交融在一起而成为一个完整形象的那种特质。”既有客观性,也有主观性;既有自然性,也有社会性,这就是艺术形象。他认为美是文艺的一种特性,具有意识形态性。60年代初他在《生产劳动与人对世界的艺术掌握》一文中认为人的实践活动的实质,是主体与客体结合的过程。人“按照美的规律去制造事物”,创造出能够体现出人的本质力量的对象世界,人们能够从中观照到自身的力量,从而感到对象是美的。正是在实践过程中,实现了人与自然、主体与客体、心与物的统一(金炳华等,2001:2036-2037)。 定义来源金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001. 例句1. 不顾主客观条件,犯着革命的急性病,不愿意艰苦地做细小严密的群众工作,只想大干,充满着幻想。这是盲动主义的残余。——《毛泽东选集(第一卷)》,1991:85 1. Some comrades, disregarding the subjective and objective conditions, suffer from the malady of revolutionary impetuosity; they will not take pains to do minute and detailed work among the masses, but, riddled with illusions, want only to do big things. This is a remnant of putschism. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 107. 2. 现在,我国社会主义市场经济体制已经初步建立,市场化程度大幅度提高,我们对市场规律的认识和驾驭能力不断提高,宏观调控体系更为健全,主客观条件具备,我们应该在完善社会主义市场经济体制上迈出新的步伐。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:76-77 2. We have now basically established a socialist market economy in our country, with considerable improvement in the degree of marketization. We have gained better knowledge of the market rules and enhanced our capacity to use it to our benefit, and have improved the macro-control system. With both the subjective and objective conditions in place, we should take a new step forward to improve our socialist market economy. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 84. 3. 这本书最突出的特点在于,与作者的主观意图相反,它在客观上代表了马克思主义史内部的一种倾向,这种倾向的所有各种表现形式,不论它们的哲学根据和政治影响是如何极不相同,岂不论它们是愿意还是不愿意,都是反对马克思主义的本体论的根基的。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:10 3. The book’s most striking feature is that, contrary to the subjective intentions of its author, objectively it falls in with a tendency in the history of Marxist that has taken many different forms. All of them have one thing in common, whether they like it or not and irrespective of their philosophical origins or their political effects: they strike at the very roots of Marxian ontology. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: xvi. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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