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字词 抽象可能性
释义

抽象可能性【英】

abstract possibility

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:269.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 46) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1992: 57.
[3] Kierkegaard’s Ethical Stage In Hegel’s Logical Categories: Actual Possibility, Reality And Necessity. via: http://www.oalib.com/paper/2945094#.WWGhIHqECkI

定义

抽象可能性最早由德国黑格尔提出,指在现实中缺乏充分根据和必要条件的可能性。“黑格尔把可能性区分为抽象可能性和现实可能性,他认为可能性的最初的表现形式,是形式的可能性或抽象的可能性。这种可能性是撇开事物的关系和内容,用抽象的形式去设想的可能性”(金炳华等,1992:963)。在20世纪20年代初,苏联哲学界吸取了黑格尔的这一思想,把抽象可能性和现实可能性这一说法写进了辩证唯物主义的教科书中。后来中国的一些哲学家在其著作中也采用了这一提法,认为抽象可能性指缺乏具体的根据,但反映事物个别方面或个别联系所规定的一种可能。它“通常同客观规律是不矛盾的。它和那种毫无根据、违反客观规律的不可能性不同。不可能性是在现实中全然找不到根据的东西。抽象可能性却在现实中有着某种根据。它可以在一定条件下转变成为有具体和充分根据的可能性,并且还可以在一定条件下变成现实,但是,由于抽象可能性不反映事物的本质联系和本质倾向,因此它变为现实所需要的条件往往难以预计,它隐藏着不可能性,可以转化为不可能性”(彭漪涟,2010:630)。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,1992.
[2] 彭漪涟.逻辑学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2010.

例句

1. 人类数量增多到必须为其增长规定一个限度的这种抽象可能性当然是存在的。但是,如果说共产主义社会在将来某个时候不得不象已经对物的生产进行调整那样,同时也对人的生产进行调整,那末正是那个社会,而且只有那个社会才能毫无困难地作到这点。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三十五卷)》,1971:145

1. The abstract possibility that mankind will increase numerically to such an extent that its propagation will have to be kept within bounds does, of course, exist. But should communist society ever find itself compelled to regulate the production of humans in the same way as it has already regulated the production of things, then it, and it alone, will be able to effect this without difficulty. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 46), 1992: 57.

2. 伊壁鸠鲁与德谟克利特又正相反。偶然是一种只具有可能性价值的现实性,而抽象的可能性则正是实在的可能性的反面。实在的可能性就像知性那样被限制在严格的限度里;而抽象的可能性却像幻想那样是没有限制的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第一卷)》,1960:27

2. Once again Epicurus stands directly opposed to Democritus. Chance, for him, is a reality which has only the value of possibility. Abstract possibility, however, is the direct antipode of real possibility. The latter is restricted within sharp boundaries, as is the intellect; the former is unbounded, as is the imagination. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1975: 44.

3. 毫无疑问,大量的劳动必定由或多或少的非熟练劳动组成,从而大量的工资也必定由简单的劳动能力的价值来决定;然而单个的工人借助于特殊的能力、天才等,仍然可能上升到较高的劳动部门,这正象某个工人本身有成为资本家和他人劳动的剥削者的抽象可能性完全一样。奴隶属于某个一定的主人;工人固然一定要把自己卖给资本家,但并不一定要卖给某个一定的资本家,他可以在一定的范围内选择把自己卖给谁,他可以换主人。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十八卷)》,1985:11

3. Certain as it is that the mass of labour must consist of more or less UNSKILLED LABOUR, and therefore that the mass of wages must be determined by the value of simple labour capacity, it remains possible for isolated individuals to make their way upwards into higher spheres of labour by particular energy, talent, etc., just as there remains the abstract possibility that this or that worker could himself become a capitalist and an EXPLOITER of alien labour. The slave belongs to a particular MASTER; it is true that the worker must sell himself to capital, but not to a particular capitalist, and thus he has a choice, within a particular sphere, as to who he sells himself to, and can change MASTERS. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 34), 1994: 100.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
全球化主要有两种可能性。一种是经济全球化,这是现实的可能性;一种是文化全球化,这是抽象的可能性。——“经济全球化与文化全球化之可能性”,载于《江苏大学学报(社会科学版)》2009年第5期
Abstract, Globalization comes in two possibilities in general, the economic globalization which is a realistic one and the cultural globalization which is an abstract one. 

例句 2:
现代世界中,人只有扬弃人格的抽象可能性和市民的现实偶然性,成为国家公民,才能达到个人与社会、国家的具体有机统一,才是现实的人,并使权利与义务获得现实的承认。——“黑格尔与现实的人”,载于《辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011年第11期
In the modern world, only by sublating the abstract possibility of personality and realistic fortuity of a community member, can man become a citizen, a human being in reality, achieving concrete unity of the individual, society and the nation.

例句 3:
在《博士论文》(指马克思在1839-1841年初撰写的博士论文——《德谟克利特的自然哲学与伊壁鸠鲁自然哲学的差别》)中,对德谟克利特必然性的批判和对伊壁鸠鲁偶然性赞誉过后,马克思通过实在的可能性和抽象的可能性的理解,颂扬了“人的自我意识具有最高的神性”。——“马克思‘博士论文’中的伊壁鸠鲁哲学”,载于《南华大学学报(社会科学版)》2012年第1期
In his Ph.D.treatise, after criticized certainty and spoken highly of contingency, Marx has understood concrete possibility and abstract possibility and has taken human self-consciousness as the highest divinity.

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