字词 | 集权 |
释义 | 集权【英】centralization (of power)译文来源Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 05) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1979: 12. 定义集权是与分权相对的概念,指领导权在组织系统中较高层次上一定程度的集中的一种组织权力系统。其特点为:组织的决策权一般较多的由高层领导掌握,中下层管理人员只有一般业务决策权;上级对下级的控制较严,一切行动听上级指挥;组织具有统一对外经营、统一核算等特点。在一些历史悠久、根基稳固的组织中,一般倾向于集权。其优点表现为:便于从整体组织目标出发处理问题,避免局部利益行为;可使组织的有限资源得以更有效的利用,并有助于确保组织政策和行动的一致性,提高组织的控制力。过分集权带来了种种弊端,其中最主要的如下:限制了中下层人员积极性的发挥,延长了信息沟通的渠道,使组织缺乏对环境的灵活性和适应性,容易走偏、失真;可能降低决策的质量和速度,影响组织的应变能力,同时高层管理者也难以集中精力处理重大问题。在组织管理中,集权和分权是相对的,绝对的集权或绝对的分权都是不可能的。集权与分权相结合,是构建组织领导体制和组织结构的基本原则;也是科学处理组织内部各层次、各部门关系应遵循的基本原则。集权过度与分权过度,都不利于发挥组织的团体优势(马吉勋,陈小虎,2004:35-36)。 定义来源马吉勋,陈小虎.正确处理集权与分权的关系[J].西昌农业高等专科学校学报,2004(1). 例句1. 德国中央集权所达到的最高点,是关税同盟的成立。北海一带的各邦也曾经因此不得不组成它们自己的关税组织,而奥地利却仍然关起门来实行它自己单独的寓禁关税。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第八卷)》,1961:13 1. The very highest pitch to which centralization was ever carried in Germany was the establishment of the Zollverein; by this the States on the North Sea were also forced into a Customs Union of their own, Austria remaining wrapped up in her separate prohibitive tariff. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 11), 1979: 12. 2. 决定性的斗争已经临近了。它只能在法国爆发;因为在英国没有参加革命战斗而德国仍然四分五裂的时候,法国由于国家的独立、文明和中央集权,是唯一能够给周围各国以有力推动的国家。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第八卷)》,1961:62 2. The decisive action drew near. It could be fought in France only; for France, as long as England took no part in the revolutionary strife, or as Germany remained divided, was, by its national independence, civilization and centralization, the only country to impart the impulse of a mighty convulsion to the surrounding countries. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 11), 1979: 51. 3. 其主要原因是法国的整个行政管理系统,特别是军事指挥管理系统过于集中。直到最近时期,法国为了军事目的还把全国划分为23个军区;尽可能在每个军区都驻守一个配有骑兵和炮兵的步兵师。各师的师长和陆军部之间没有中间环节。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十七卷)》,1963:125 3. The main cause is the excessive centralization of all administration in France, and especially of military administration. Up to a very recent time France was divided, for military purposes, into twenty-three districts, each containing, as much as possible, the garrisons composing one division of infantry, along with cavalry and artillery. Between the commanders of these divisions and the Ministry of War there was no intermediate link. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 22), 1986: 116. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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