字词 | 部落宗教 |
释义 | 部落宗教【英】tribal religions译文来源[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1989: 433. 定义部落宗教为原始宗教早期型态之一,由氏族中自然产生,指古代一些部落民族所信仰的宗教,目前尚存于少数原始部落社会。当时文化未开,社会结构简单,宗教亦尚处于初步萌发状态。部落宗教有几个特点:其一,带有自发性和直观性,没有系统的教义和神学体系,依靠传统维持,其仪节与禁忌皆与神话密切相联,与社会生活亦密不可分;其二,执行宗教礼仪的人物虽然已经产生,但没有专业化的、具有特权的神职人员。具体表现为图腾崇拜、祖先崇拜、自然崇拜、生殖崇拜等(于锦绣,1998:25);其三,带有成员的整体性,即氏族部落所有成员有共同的崇拜对象和一致的宗教意识与宗教行为,这与奴隶制社会以后的宗教形式不一样,后者往往只限于社会成员的一部分人。这种宗教对部落的团结和统一,曾经有过一定作用。 定义来源于锦绣.论原始宗教的基本概念[J].贵州民族研究,1998(1). 例句1. 罗马帝国在消灭各民族政治和社会独特性的同时,也消灭了他们独特的宗教。古代一切宗教都是自发的部落宗教和后来的民族宗教,它们从各民族的社会和政治条件中产生,并和它们一起生长。宗教的这些基础一旦遭到破坏,沿袭的社会形式、继承的政治结构和民族独立一旦遭到毁灭,那末与之相适应的宗教自然也就崩溃。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十九卷)》,1965:333 1. With the political and social peculiarities of the peoples, the Roman Empire also doomed to ruin their particular religions. All religions of antiquity were naturally arising tribal and later national religions which sprang from and grew together with the social and political conditions of the respective peoples. Once these, their foundations, were destroyed and their traditional forms of society, their inherited political institutions and their national independence shattered, the religion corresponding to these naturally also collapsed. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24), 1989: 433. 2. 历史上的伟大转折点有宗教变迁相伴随,只是就迄今存在的三种世界宗教——佛教、基督教和伊斯兰教而言。旧的自发产生的部落宗教和民族宗教不进行宣传,一旦部落或民族的独立遭到破坏,它们便失掉任何抵抗力;在日耳曼人那里,甚至只要他们一接触正在崩溃的罗马世界帝国,一接触它刚刚采用的、适应于它的经济、政治、精神状态的世界基督教,这种情形就发生了。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十一卷)》,1965:328 2. Great historical turning-points have been accompanied by religious changes only so far as the three world religions which have existed up to the present, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam, are concerned. The old tribal and national religions, which arose spontaneously, did not proselytise and lost all their power of resistance as soon as the independence of the tribe or people was lost. For the Germans it was sufficient simply to have contact with the decaying Roman world empire and with its just adopted Christian world religion that accorded with its economic, political and ideological conditions. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26), 1990: 376. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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