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字词 货币流通
释义

货币流通【英】

money circulation

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 490.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 40) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1983: 303.

定义

货币流通,是由商品流通所引起的货币运动形式,作为流通手段和支付手段的货币不断地从一个商品所有者手里转到另一个商品所有者手里的连续不断的运动(何盛明,1990:438)。货币流通由商品流通引起,并服从于商品流通;但与商品流通不同,货币不会直接进入消费领域,而是永远处于流通领域之中(刘佩弦,1988:460)。与商品的流通方向正好相反,货币从买者手中转到卖者手中,商品则从卖者手中转到买者手中;当货币和商品换位后,商品退出流通领域、进入消费领域,而为购买手段的货币作仍然留在流通领域,继续与别的商品换位(许征帆,1987:817)。商品流通是货币流通的前提,货币流通则是商品流通的反映,因而,货币流通受商品流通制约(何盛明,1990:438)。商品流通中所需要的货币量,首先取决于投入流通的商品量及其价格水平,其次取决于货币的流通速度(许征帆,1987:817)。同时,由于货币充当商品交换的媒介,因而,货币流通对商品流通也有反作用。流通中币值稳定与否,对商品流通产生着直接影响(刘佩弦,1988:460)。在资本主义制度下,在金币流通、银行券自由兑现的情况下,流通所需的货币量能自发地同需要相适应。第一次世界大战后,由于金本位制崩溃,纸币制度普遍实行。资本主义国家广泛利用发行纸币以弥补财政赤字,使货币流通数量远远超过货币周转需要,引发通货膨胀(刘炳瑛,1988:516)。

定义来源

[1] 何盛明.财经大辞典(上卷)[Z].中国财政经济出版社,1990.
[2] 刘佩弦.马克思主义与当代辞典[Z].中国人民大学出版社,1988.
[3] 许征帆.马克思主义辞典[Z].吉林大学出版社,1987.
[4] 刘炳瑛.马克思主义原理辞典[Z].浙江人民出版社,1988.

例句

1. 这种神秘的性质,把各种的财富生产上的各种物质要素作为担负物的社会关系,转化为物品本身的属性(商品),并且还更加显著地把生产关系本身也转化为一个物品(货币)。一切有商品生产和货币流通的社会形态,都不免有这种颠倒。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:619

1. In the case of the simplest categories of the capitalist mode of production, and even of commodity-production, in the case of commodities and money, we have already pointed out the mystifying character that transforms the social relations, for which the material elements of wealth serve as bearers in production, into properties of these things themselves (commodities) and still more pronouncedly transforms the production relation itself into a thing (money). All forms of society, in so far as they reach the stage of commodity-production and money circulation, take part in this perversion. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 490.

2. 另一方面,只要货币进入流通,而且又和商品交换,则最后的过程,即商品的消费也脱离经济关系。简单的货币流通本身不包含自我再生产的原则,因而要求超出其界限。货币——正如其规定发展所指明的那样——包含着这样一种要求,即要求进入流通、保持在流通中、同时还以这种流通为前提的价值,也就是要求资本。这种转化同时也是历史的转化。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十九卷)》,1974:305

2. On the other hand, in so far as money comes into circulation and is again exchanged for C, the final process, the consumption of the commodity, again falls outside the economic relation. The principle of self-reproduction is not intrinsic to simple money circulation, which therefore implies something extrinsic to itself. Implicit in money—as the elaboration of its definitions shows—is the postulate capital, i.e. value entering into and maintaining itself in circulation, of which it is at the same time the prerequisite. This transition also historical. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 40), 1983: 303.

3. 这里实际上提出了一个重要的哲学命题,即现代自然科学抽象的前提是现代性社会生活中的商品价值抽象,科学理论运作关系结构的前提是由货币流通支撑的商品交换运作。甚至,康德确证的全部纯粹理性范畴的体系都基于现实的“社会交换活动”。 ——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:357

3. It raises an important philosophical proposition: the premise of modem natural science is the abstraction of commodity value in social life; the premise of the operational structure of scientific theories are the commodity exchanges supported by the monetary flow; even all the pure theoretical categories confirmed by Kant are founded on the actual "social exchange activities." -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 463.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
它从根本上改变人们的生活,极大地提高了货币流通的效率,节约了货币流通的成本,从而对法律的发展产生不可估量的影响。——《电子货币监管法律制度研究》,重庆大学硕士学位论文,2009
Electronic currency has fundamentally changed our life, greatly improved the efficiency of the currency circulation, saved the cost of currency circulation and had an inestimable impact on the development of the law.

例句 2:
为此,我们主张增强市场主体信心,引导市场主体预期,政府主动作为填位,各方合力共济,尽快推动货币流通速度反转。——“如何找回迷失的货币——兼论当前我国的经济金融形势”,载于《征信》2016年第12期
Hence, we advocate enhancing market subjects’ confidence, guiding the market subjects’ expectation and government initiative action to be in place, all the parties taking efforts so as to reverse the velocity of money circulation.

例句 3:
本文的结论还验证了,实体经济内部农业和非农部门的货币需求并没有显著差异,传统的“货币化”理论已不足以解释近十年中国货币流通速度的变动。——“金融交易与货币流通速度的波动”,载于《国际金融研究》2013年第4期
The results also verify that, the money demand behaviors of the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors are not significantly different. Thus, the traditional “monetization theory” can’t be used to explain the fluctuations of the velocity of money circulation in the past ten years.

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