股东【英】

shareholder

译文来源

Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1977: 575.

定义

股东（shareholder）是股份公司的出资人或叫投资人。股份公司中持有股份的人，有权出席股东大会并有表决权。也指其他合资经营的工商企业的投资者。股东是公司存在的基础，是公司的核心要素；没有股东，就不可能有公司。根据《公司法》的规定，有限责任公司成立后，应当向股东签发出资证明书，并置备股东名册，记载股东的姓名或者名称及住所、股东的出资额、出资证明书编号等事项。　《公司法》同时规定，有限责任公司股东依法转让其出资后，应由公司将受让人的姓名或者名称、住所以及受让的出资额记载于股东名册。据此，非依上述规定办理过户手续者，其转让对公司不发生法律效力。由此可见，有限责任公司的股东应为向公司出资，并且其名字登记在公司股东名册者（《股东》，via: http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/股东）。概括起来，股东是指通过向公司出资或其他合法途径获得公司股权，并对公司享有权利和承担义务的人。严格而言，在公司法上，有限责任公司股东与股份有限公司股东的内涵有所区别：有限责任公司股东是指在公司成立时向公司出资或在公司成立后依法继受取得股权，对公司享有权利和承担义务的人；股份有限公司股东是指在公司设立时或设立后合法取得股份，对公司享有权利和承担义务的人（《股东》，via：http://baike.so.com/doc/5200838-5432605.html）。

定义来源

[1] 股东.via: http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/股东
[2] 股东.via: http://baike.so.com/doc/5200838-5432605.html

例句

1. “布勒斯劳报”第201号刊登了一篇柏林通讯，里面谈到骑士施纳普汉斯基收买了大量的“新莱茵报”股票，所以描写他的小品文就不再出现了，因为报纸是不会攻击自己的股东的。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第五卷）》，1958：589

1. No. 201 of the Breslauer Zeitung publishes a report from Berlin that knight Schnapphahnski has bought many shares in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung and for this reason the series of feature articles about him has come to an end, because it is not possible for a newspaper to wage a polemic against its own shareholders. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7), 1977: 575.

2. 可是，当登载有弗·恩格斯写的“法兰克福议会”一文的第1号报纸问世以后，相当大一部分资产阶级股东就不再支持报纸了。而“新莱茵报”捍卫巴黎的六月起义者这一行动使得剩下来的大部分股东也离开报纸。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第五卷）》，1958：612

2. Following the appearance of the paper’s first number, which carried Engels’ article “The Assembly at Frankfurt” (see this volume, pp. 16-19), a large number of the shareholders withdrew their financial support, and articles in defense of the June uprising of the Paris proletariat frightened away most of the rest. The editors now had to rely on German and Polish revolutionary circles for funds. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7), 1977: 605.

3. 统治阶级，在铁路建筑上也如在国家的一般支出与公债上一样，乘机进行了掠夺。议会把主要的开支转嫁于国家，而保证那投机的金融贵族得到黄金果。大家都记得众议院中的那些丑闻，当时偶然暴露出：多数派的全体议员，包括一部分内阁大臣在内，都曾以股东身分参与过他们后来以立法者身分迫令国家出资进行的那些铁路建筑工程。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第七卷）》，1958：14

3. The ruling class exploited the building of railways in the same way as it exploited state expenditures in general and state loans. The Chambers piled the main burdens on the state, and secured the golden fruits to the speculating finance aristocracy. One recalls the scandals in the Chamber of Deputies, when by chance it leaked out that all the members of the majority, including a number of ministers, had been interested as shareholders in the very railway constructions which as legislators they caused to be carried out afterwards at the cost of the state. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 10), 1978: 50.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
我国上市公司的非正当关联交易主要发生在上市公司与其控制股东之间，并且具有交易的多发性、转移定价的多样性、经济实质的非公允性、信息披露的模糊性、非效率性等特点。——《论上市公司非正当关联交易的公司法规制》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2005
The illicit associated transactions of listed companies of our country occur mainly between listed companies and their controlling shareholders. These illicit associated transactions have the following characteristics: the transactions often take place, the fixing methods and forms about the transfer are varied, the economic essence is unfair, the disclosure of information concerning these transactions is fuzzy and the transaction efficiencies are low.

例句 2：
美国封闭公司同大陆法系的有限责任公司一样，具有人合性的特征。这种人合性直接导致了封闭公司的封闭性特征，进而造成了小股东转让其股权的困难。——《美国封闭公司司法解散制度研究》，对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文，2006
US Closely-held Company is featured by its collaboration of human resource as is Limited Liability Company under the civil law system. Such collaboration of humanresource directly leads to the feature of closely-held companies, and further leads tothe difficulty for the minority shareholders to transfer the shares. 

例句 3：
本文的研究主题即定位于有限责任公司的股东资格确认问题。——《有限责任公司股东资格确认问题研究》，复旦大学博士学位论文，2012  
The protection level of the title of shareholder can be used to judge whether the country’s corporate governance legislation is mature and fair.