政治思想【英】

political thinking; political ideology; political thought

译文来源

[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. Translated by Zhang Yibing. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 77.
[2] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 389.
[3] via: http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%u653F%u6CBB%u601D%u60F3

定义

政治思想是社会成员在政治经验和政治感性认识的基础上，对政治现象的理性认识，是对政治现象内在因果关系及其发展规律的抽象和逻辑阐述。因此，政治思想是系统，完整和严密的政治思维成果和意识形态（via: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3/10840178?fr=aladdin）。马克思将政治思想视为上层建筑的重要组成部分，政治思想本质上是对经济占统治地位阶级思想的反映。从直观上看，政治思想的基本问题是关于国家问题，包括对国家的起源、发展、消亡、本质、目的、职能等问题的看法，对如何夺取国家政权和采取什么样的政权组织形式、国家结构形式等问题的观点，对国家管理制度、管理方法和内外政策等问题的见解，以及对其他政治问题的态度。政治思想起源于奴隶社会，它是在奴隶社会随着阶级和国家的出现而开始形成的社会意识形式。在奴隶社会以后，政治思想往往是围绕国家政权问题而展开的。国家政权问题，包括如何夺取政权和如何建设、巩固政权都属于政权问题的重要内容，因而也顺理成章的成为政治思想的中央内容。政治思想分为统治阶级的政治思想和非统治阶级的政治思想，其中统治阶级的政治思想是政治思想的核心，它主要反映了统治阶级关于如何维护自己的国家政权是愿望。而被统治阶级的政治思想的核心，则是反对已有的国家政权，引导被统治阶级确立自己的政治统治。

定义来源

via: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3/10840178?fr=aladdin

例句

1. 列宁从这一详尽的分析中得出结论说，无产阶级持有一种独特的立场，因为他们是完全理解、并能揭示俄国全体劳动人民（包括于工业工人和农村无产阶级）所受剥削的唯一阶级。《俄国资本主义的发展》为列宁已在《什么是人民之友》中得出的结论提供了经济学上的证据：对工业无产阶级来说，剥削已十分发达，并且一赤裸裸的形式表现出来，没有混杂着任何模糊真相的枝节成分，工人已不能不看出：是资本在压迫他们，他们必须进行反对资产阶级的斗争……正因为如此，工厂工人不过是全体被剥削群众的先进代表。这一看法（连同其中关于无产阶级在革命斗争中领导全体人民的思想）支配着1914年以前列宁的政治思想。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：70-71

1. From this detailed analysis Lenin concluded that the proletariat held a unique position in that they were the only class fully to appreciate and be able to articulate the exploitation of all Russian labourers, including the artisans and rural proletariat. The Development of Capitalism in Russia gave the economic evidence for the conclusion that he had already arrived at in What the Friends of the People Are: with the factory proletariat, exploitation is fully developed and emerges in its pure form, without any confusing details. The worker cannot fail to see that he is oppressed by capital, that his struggle has to be waged against the bourgeois class ... That is why the factory worker is none other than the foremost representative of the entire exploited population. This perspective—with its idea of the proletariat leading the population in the revolutionary struggle—governed Lenin’s political thinking up to 1914. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 281.

2. 相反，马克思直接指认了英法人对“这一事实同所谓的历史之间的联系了解得非常片面（特别因为他们受政治思想的束缚），但毕竟作了一些为历史编纂学提供唯物主义基础的初步尝试，首次写出了市民社会史、商业史和工业史”。我觉得，马克思在这里实际上直接指认了历史唯物主义的真正基础，这就是英国和法国的资产阶级政治经济学！——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：419

2. In contrast, Marx directly points out that “the French and the English, even if they have conceived the relation of this fact with so-called history only in an extremely one-sided fashion, particularly as long as they remained in the toils of political ideology, have nevertheless made the first attempts to give the writing of history a materialistic basis by being the first to write histories of civil society, of commerce and industry.” I believe that here Marx actually directly identifies the true basis of historical materialism, which was the bourgeois political economy of France and England. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 326.

3. 因此任何历史观的第一件事情就是必须注意上述基本事实的全部意义和全部范围，并给予应有的重视。大家知道，德国人从来没有这样做过，所以他们从来没有为历史提供世俗基础，因而也从来没有过一个历史学家。法国人和英国人尽管对这一事实同所谓的历史的联系了解得非常片面（特别因为他们受政治思想的束缚），但毕竟作了一些给历史编纂学提供唯物主义基础的初步尝试，首次写出了市民社会史、商业史和工业史。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第三卷）：德意志意识形态》，1956：32

3. Therefore in any conception of history one has first of all to observe this fundamental fact in all its significance and all its implications and to accord it its due importance. It is well known that the Germans have never done this, and they have never, therefore, had an earthly basis for history and consequently never a historian. The French and the English, even if they have conceived the relation of this fact with so-called history only in an extremely one-sided fashion, especially since they remained in the toils of political ideology, have nevertheless made the first attempts to give the writing of history a materialistic basis by being the first to write histories of civil society, of commerce and industry. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5): The German Ideology, 1975: 42.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
所以，解决灌输论的争论也需要界定它指称的外延是政治思想，灌输论是政治思想工作的理论基础，而不能是思想政治教育的理论基础。——《政治思想灌输论及其实现规律和时代意义研究》，上海大学博士学位论文，2013
Therefore, it is necessary to define the denotation of its alleged political ideology so as to resolve the controversy. The introduction theory is the basis for political and ideological work, but it cannot be the theoretical basis of the extended Ideological and Political education.

例句 2：
自19 世纪开始，西方现代政治思想涌入中国，它被接受和吸纳的速度与程度等受到了中国传统政治思想向现代转型程度的制约，其中传统政治价值的现代转型又是关键中的关键。——“中国传统政治思想现代转型的价值重构”，载于《哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年02期
Modern western political thoughts have entered into China，but the course of modern transformation of traditional Chinese political thoughts has limited Chinese to accept and assimilate western political thoughts．The modern transformation of traditional political value system is the key element．

例句 3：
通史编撰既是中国政治思想史研究的基础工作，也是中国政治思想史研究的重要组成部分，但通史之编撰并非仅仅是将思想的历史事实摆放在博物架上，而是要追求理解的贯通性和呈现的整体性，其学术使命在于从文化传承与知识创新的角度描述、批判和继承中国优秀政治理论资源，继往开来，推陈出新。——“中国政治思想通史的贯通性理解与整体性呈现”，载于《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2016年06期
The compilation of a general history not only prepares the ground for the research on the history of Chinese political thoughts but constitutes an important part of it as well. However，the general history does not mean presenting the historical facts in the way of arrang

字词	政治思想
释义	政治思想【英】 political thinking; political ideology; political thought 译文来源 [1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. Translated by Zhang Yibing. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 77. [2] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 389. [3] via: http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%u653F%u6CBB%u601D%u60F3 定义政治思想是社会成员在政治经验和政治感性认识的基础上，对政治现象的理性认识，是对政治现象内在因果关系及其发展规律的抽象和逻辑阐述。因此，政治思想是系统，完整和严密的政治思维成果和意识形态（via: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3/10840178?fr=aladdin）。马克思将政治思想视为上层建筑的重要组成部分，政治思想本质上是对经济占统治地位阶级思想的反映。从直观上看，政治思想的基本问题是关于国家问题，包括对国家的起源、发展、消亡、本质、目的、职能等问题的看法，对如何夺取国家政权和采取什么样的政权组织形式、国家结构形式等问题的观点，对国家管理制度、管理方法和内外政策等问题的见解，以及对其他政治问题的态度。政治思想起源于奴隶社会，它是在奴隶社会随着阶级和国家的出现而开始形成的社会意识形式。在奴隶社会以后，政治思想往往是围绕国家政权问题而展开的。国家政权问题，包括如何夺取政权和如何建设、巩固政权都属于政权问题的重要内容，因而也顺理成章的成为政治思想的中央内容。政治思想分为统治阶级的政治思想和非统治阶级的政治思想，其中统治阶级的政治思想是政治思想的核心，它主要反映了统治阶级关于如何维护自己的国家政权是愿望。而被统治阶级的政治思想的核心，则是反对已有的国家政权，引导被统治阶级确立自己的政治统治。定义来源 via: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3/10840178?fr=aladdin 例句 1. 列宁从这一详尽的分析中得出结论说，无产阶级持有一种独特的立场，因为他们是完全理解、并能揭示俄国全体劳动人民（包括于工业工人和农村无产阶级）所受剥削的唯一阶级。《俄国资本主义的发展》为列宁已在《什么是人民之友》中得出的结论提供了经济学上的证据：对工业无产阶级来说，剥削已十分发达，并且一赤裸裸的形式表现出来，没有混杂着任何模糊真相的枝节成分，工人已不能不看出：是资本在压迫他们，他们必须进行反对资产阶级的斗争……正因为如此，工厂工人不过是全体被剥削群众的先进代表。这一看法（连同其中关于无产阶级在革命斗争中领导全体人民的思想）支配着1914年以前列宁的政治思想。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：70-71 1. From this detailed analysis Lenin concluded that the proletariat held a unique position in that they were the only class fully to appreciate and be able to articulate the exploitation of all Russian labourers, including the artisans and rural proletariat. The Development of Capitalism in Russia gave the economic evidence for the conclusion that he had already arrived at in What the Friends of the People Are: with the factory proletariat, exploitation is fully developed and emerges in its pure form, without any confusing details. The worker cannot fail to see that he is oppressed by capital, that his struggle has to be waged against the bourgeois class ... That is why the factory worker is none other than the foremost representative of the entire exploited population. This perspective—with its idea of the proletariat leading the population in the revolutionary struggle—governed Lenin’s political thinking up to 1914. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 281. 2. 相反，马克思直接指认了英法人对“这一事实同所谓的历史之间的联系了解得非常片面（特别因为他们受政治思想的束缚），但毕竟作了一些为历史编纂学提供唯物主义基础的初步尝试，首次写出了市民社会史、商业史和工业史”。我觉得，马克思在这里实际上直接指认了历史唯物主义的真正基础，这就是英国和法国的资产阶级政治经济学！——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：419 2. In contrast, Marx directly points out that “the French and the English, even if they have conceived the relation of this fact with so-called history only in an extremely one-sided fashion, particularly as long as they remained in the toils of political ideology, have nevertheless made the first attempts to give the writing of history a materialistic basis by being the first to write histories of civil society, of commerce and industry.” I believe that here Marx actually directly identifies the true basis of historical materialism, which was the bourgeois political economy of France and England. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 326. 3. 因此任何历史观的第一件事情就是必须注意上述基本事实的全部意义和全部范围，并给予应有的重视。大家知道，德国人从来没有这样做过，所以他们从来没有为历史提供世俗基础，因而也从来没有过一个历史学家。法国人和英国人尽管对这一事实同所谓的历史的联系了解得非常片面（特别因为他们受政治思想的束缚），但毕竟作了一些给历史编纂学提供唯物主义基础的初步尝试，首次写出了市民社会史、商业史和工业史。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第三卷）：德意志意识形态》，1956：32 3. Therefore in any conception of history one has first of all to observe this fundamental fact in all its significance and all its implications and to accord it its due importance. It is well known that the Germans have never done this, and they have never, therefore, had an earthly basis for history and consequently never a historian. The French and the English, even if they have conceived the relation of this fact with so-called history only in an extremely one-sided fashion, especially since they remained in the toils of political ideology, have nevertheless made the first attempts to give the writing of history a materialistic basis by being the first to write histories of civil society, of commerce and industry. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5): The German Ideology, 1975: 42. 网络参考例句例句 1：所以，解决灌输论的争论也需要界定它指称的外延是政治思想，灌输论是政治思想工作的理论基础，而不能是思想政治教育的理论基础。——《政治思想灌输论及其实现规律和时代意义研究》，上海大学博士学位论文，2013 Therefore, it is necessary to define the denotation of its alleged political ideology so as to resolve the controversy. The introduction theory is the basis for political and ideological work, but it cannot be the theoretical basis of the extended Ideological and Political education. 例句 2：自19 世纪开始，西方现代政治思想涌入中国，它被接受和吸纳的速度与程度等受到了中国传统政治思想向现代转型程度的制约，其中传统政治价值的现代转型又是关键中的关键。——“中国传统政治思想现代转型的价值重构”，载于《哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年02期 Modern western political thoughts have entered into China，but the course of modern transformation of traditional Chinese political thoughts has limited Chinese to accept and assimilate western political thoughts．The modern transformation of traditional political value system is the key element．例句 3：通史编撰既是中国政治思想史研究的基础工作，也是中国政治思想史研究的重要组成部分，但通史之编撰并非仅仅是将思想的历史事实摆放在博物架上，而是要追求理解的贯通性和呈现的整体性，其学术使命在于从文化传承与知识创新的角度描述、批判和继承中国优秀政治理论资源，继往开来，推陈出新。——“中国政治思想通史的贯通性理解与整体性呈现”，载于《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2016年06期 The compilation of a general history not only prepares the ground for the research on the history of Chinese political thoughts but constitutes an important part of it as well. However，the general history does not mean presenting the historical facts in the way of arrang
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