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字词 奴隶阶级
释义

奴隶阶级【英】

slave class; class of slaves

译文来源

[1]金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:329.
[2]Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1976: 140.

定义

奴隶阶级是指奴隶社会中被统治的阶级。其作为奴隶社会中的主要生产者阶级,总是和奴隶制的生产方式相互联系,通常受到奴隶主阶级的剥削与压迫。随着原始社会的结束,出现了奴隶社会,随之出现了奴隶主和奴隶的阶级划分,奴隶受到剥削和压迫。正如列宁在《论国家》中所说:“世界各国所有一切人类社会数千年来的发展,是这样向我们表明这种发展的一般规律性、常规和次序的:起初是无阶级的社会——父权制原始社会,即没有贵族的原始社会;然后是以奴隶制为基础的社会,即奴隶占有制社会。……奴隶主和奴隶——是第一次大规模的阶级划分。前一集团不仅占有一切生产资料(即土地和工具,尽管当时工具还十分简陋),并且还占有人。这个集团就叫奴隶主。从事劳动并把劳动果实交给别人的人则叫做奴隶”(史星,1973:1)。奴隶没有占有任何生产资料,并且其本身也作为私人财产归奴隶主所有。奴隶的命运悲惨,没有独立的人格,不享有任何权利和自由,甚至不被当作人来看待,奴隶主仅仅将其视为“会说话的工具”,既然作为私有财产、工具便总是任意奴役、买卖,乃至屠杀,奴隶过着牛马不如的生活。其所有的劳动产品都不属于自身,全部属于奴隶主,自己仅能得到维持生存的最少量的消费品。奴隶阶级是在原始社会末期,和奴隶主阶级同时产生的。其来源,主要是战俘和贫困的氏族成员。后来,随着私有制的发展,许多自耕农和小手工业者由于破产也成为奴隶。奴隶在这样的生存环境下,遭受的非人待遇使他们奋力反抗奴隶主的统治,开始破坏生产工具,大批逃亡,影响了生产力的进一步发展。到了奴隶社会的末期,奴隶制生产关系已经不能够维持下去,最终导致了封建制生产关系的出现(刘炳瑛,1988:201)。

定义来源

[1] 史星.奴隶社会[M].上海人民出版社,1973.
[2] 刘炳瑛.马克思主义原理辞典[Z].浙江人民出版社,1988.

例句

1. 国民经济学家对我们说,劳动的全部产品,本来属于工人,并且按照理论也是如此。但是他同时又对我们说,实际上工人得到的是产品中最小的、没有就不行的部分,也就是说,只得到他不是作为人而是作为工人生存所必要的那一部分以及不是为繁衍人类而是为繁衍工人这个奴隶阶级所必要的那一部分。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十二卷):1844年经济学哲学手稿》,1979:54

1. He tells us that originally and in theory the whole product of labour belongs to the worker. But at the same time he tells us that in actual fact what the worker gets is the smallest and utterly indispensable part of the product — as much, only, as is necessary for his existence, not as a human being, but as a worker, and for the propagation, not of humanity, but of the slave class of workers. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 3): Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, 1975: 239.

2. 交换的不平等以及买卖价格的差异,只有在以下的情况下才能存在,即资本家永远是资本家,而工人永远是工人,一面是暴君阶级,另一面是奴隶阶级……资本家和工人之间这种交易明显地表明,资本家和财主们对工人一星期劳动的偿付,只是他们上星期从工人那里取得的财富的一部分,换句话说,他们同工人以无易有(nothing for something)……——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)》,1958:112

2. It is an inevitable condition of inequality of exchanges—of buying at one price and selling at another—that capitalists shall continue to be capitalists, and working men to be working men—the one a class of tyrants and the other a class of slaves—to eternity… The whole transaction, therefore, plainly shows that the capitalists and proprietors do no more than give the working man, for his labour of one week, a part of the wealth which they obtained from him the week before!—which just amounts to giving him nothing for something…-Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6), 1976: 140.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
进入奴隶制社会后,奴隶主阶级和奴隶阶级的矛盾日益激化,统治者需要一种更具有威慑力的刑罚来维护社会稳定,巩固统治。——《论我国古代刑法中的耻辱刑》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2015
After entering the slavery society, the contraditions between slave owners class and the slave class increasingly intensified, rulers need a more powerful punishment to maintain social stability, and consolidate the rule.

例句 2:
第一个阶段是个人依附于国家阶段,主要指奴隶社会和封建社会,这一阶段的显著特征是,个人对国家的人身依附性,奴隶主阶级对奴隶阶级进行统治,封建地主阶级对农民进行统治,产生了在法律上的地位不平等,人的主体性被忽视,人的异化现象严重,个人失去人身自由,成为国家的附庸。——《哲学视野中国家与个人的关系》,中共中央党校博士学位论文,2005
During the first phrase, the relationship is that the individual has depended on the state which occurred mainly in salve society and feudal society and its striking characteristic is the dependence of the individual, the masters’ possession of the slaves, landlords’ possession of the farmers, unequal in law, and the objectivity of the individuality has been overlooked and distorted and their freedom has been robbed and become dependent upon the state.

例句 3:
但由于罗马社会的特殊性,他们得以分享罗马对外掠夺行省居民、对内剥削奴隶阶级的巨大财富。——《罗马共和国流氓无产阶级的形成及其影响》,陕西师范大学硕士学位论文,2014
However, due to the special nature of Roman society, they were able to share the great wealth which Rome plundered province residents and exploited slave class.

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