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字词 原罪
释义

原罪【英】

original sin; ancestral sin

译文来源

original sin. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_sin

定义

原罪是基督教义,源于人类的堕落。上帝将亚当和夏娃安置在伊甸园,并嘱咐亚当不可食用善恶树上的果子。但夏娃在蛇的诱惑下摘下善恶树上的果实,并分给亚当吃。这是原罪故事的梗概。随后,亚当、夏娃、蛇都被上帝诅咒,并被逐出伊甸园。而这一原罪在基督教形而上学的解释下成为了现实世界中一切罪恶的根源,“它通过某种神秘的遗传作用而使亚当的子孙们无一得免,只有依靠同样具有决定论意义的上帝的‘恩典’或基督的‘救赎’才能彻底消除”(赵林,2006:77)。
里昂教父爱任纽(Irenaeus)在公元2世纪首次提出了原罪的概念。随后,“原罪”理论的重要奠基人奥古斯丁教父(Augustine of Hippo)也对“原罪”进行了阐释,他的思想主要基于新约的《保罗书信》和旧约的《诗篇》(original sin. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_sin)。关于“伦理的恶”的讨论构成了奥古斯丁“原罪”理论的核心,他认为“伦理的恶”与人的自由意志相关(赵林,2006:79)。奥古斯丁的“原罪”理论颇受新教改革者欢迎,认为“原罪”摧毁了自由意志。后来的神学家也对“原罪”进行了定义。“改革宗神学家加尔文在《基督教要义》中写道:‘原罪即遗传的堕落和我们天性中的腐败’。施莱尔马赫认为‘原罪是在任何具体的行为之前并在自己的存在的彼岸确立的罪性’,应被理解为‘唯有通过救赎才能取消的向善的无能’,而现实的罪是对原罪的显现和时间化,是被产生的”(林季杉,2015:39)。
原罪的产生、不间断的论述以及相关的辩论,说明了基督教原罪说的重大意义,而西方思想史的发展也深受原罪说的影响。此外,原罪说也启发人保持谦卑,不断推进对自身、对世界的认识。

定义来源

[1] original sin. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_sin
[2] 赵林.罪恶与自由意志——奥古斯丁“原罪”理论辨析[J].世界哲学,2006(03).
[3] 林季杉.论基督教“原罪”说的圣经起源与现代意义[J].武汉大学学报(人文科学版),2015,68(03).

例句

1. 这是早前的思想原罪了。鲍德里亚同意这种观点,基督教是最早建构出人类中心主义的宗教,它构成了当代支配性自然观的理论核心。我觉得,鲍德里亚这个观点似乎是有道理的,但也并非他的思想原创,而是上一世纪生态伦理思想的共识。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:226

1. This is the original sin. Baudrillard believes that Christianity is the most anthropocentric religion the wor1d has ever known and it still constitutes the theoretical core of the dominant view of nature. 1 fee1 this opinion seems to be justified. N everthe1ess, it is not his innovative thinking, but the common sense of ecological ethnics in the last century. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 304.

2. 针对黑格尔的这种创世说,费尔巴哈指出:“物质是精神的自我异化。所以物质本身就获得了精神和理性;但同时它又被看做不实在的、不真实的本质,因为只有从这种异化中复生的本质,即使自己摆脱了物质、摆脱了感性的本质,才称得上是完善的、具有真正形式的本质。可见,自然的、物质的、感性的世界在这里所遭到的否定,就跟被原罪所败坏的自然在神学中所遭到的否定一样。(“未来哲学”第35页)——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二卷):神圣家族》,1957:179

2. Referring to this theory of creation of Hegel's, Feuerbach observes: “Matter is the self-alienation of the spirit. Thereby matter itself acquires spirit and reason — but at the same time it is assumed as a nothingness, an unreal being, inasmuch as being producing itself from this alienation, i.e., being divesting itself of matter, of sensuousness, is pronounced to be being in its perfection, in its true shape and form. Therefore the natural, the material, the sensuous, is what is to be negated here too, as nature poisoned by original sin is in theology” (Philosophie der Zukunft, p. 35). -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4): The Holy Family, 1975: 141.

3. 最后,不言而喻,如果说黑格尔的“现象学”尽管有其思辨的原罪,但还是在许多方面提供了真实地评述人类关系的因素,那末鲍威尔先生及其伙伴却相反,他们只是提供了一幅毫无内容的漫画,这幅漫画只是满足于从某种精神产物中或从现实的关系和运动中撷取一种规定性,把这种规定性变为想像的规定性、变为范畴,并把这个范畴充作产物、关系或运动的观点。凡此种种做法,都是为了能够以老成达练的姿态、洋洋得意的神气从抽象的、普遍范畴的、普遍自我意识的观点,高高在上地傲然睨视这种规定性。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二卷):神圣家族》,1957:246

3. Finally, it goes without saying that whereas Hegel’s Phänomenologie, in spite of its speculative original sin, gives in many instances the elements of a true description of human relations, Herr Bruno and Co., on the other hand, provide only an empty caricature, a caricature which is satisfied with deriving any determinateness out of a product of the spirit or even out of real relations and movements, changing this determinateness into a determinateness of thought, into a category, and making out that this category is the standpoint of the product, of the relation and the movement, in order then to be able to look down on this determinateness triumphantly with old-man's wisdom from the standpoint of abstraction, of the general category and of general self-consciousness. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4): The Holy Family, 1975: 193.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
事实上,奥康纳试图揭示的是导致其人物悲惨遭遇的根本原因——原罪。在传统原罪观的基础上,奥康纳形成了细致入微的原罪观。——“一个好人难寻的罪人世界——奥康纳短篇小说中的原罪观探析”,载于《外国文学研究》,2005年01期
Actually, what O’Connor tried to reveal is but the original sin, the fundamental cause of her characters’ misery. O’Connor’s meticulous view of original sin was formed on the conventional basis.

例句 2:
原罪作为基督教整体教义的基石,其叙事场景浓缩了超越宗教所指的世俗性秩序构建及其目的性预期,穿插其中的组成元素蕴藏了规范性的实体存在与价值支撑。——“原罪观中的意志自由与规范效力”,载于《浙江社会科学》,2014年11期
Original sin acting as the foundation of Christianity doxy, the descriptive scene presents the unreligious order construction exceeding religion and intention anticipation, and the indispensable combination factors contain the entity presence and value support of criterion.

例句 3:
福克纳的作品中渗透着基督教文化的原罪观,他对人性的看法基本上是基督教式的,他相信人性是堕落和不完善的,人性中有向善的潜能,但一定要通过自身的努力才能获得善。——“福克纳作品中的原罪观”,载于《外语学刊》,2012年02期
Faulkner’s works are pervaded with the idea of original sin in the Christian culture. Faulkner’s view of man’s nature is basically Christian. He believes that man’s nature is fallen and imperfect, and it has the potentiality for good, but that the good must be achieved through his own efforts.

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更新时间:2024/11/5 10:01:11