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字词 单向度(又作单向度性)
释义

单向度(又作单向度性)【英】

one-dimensionality

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003: 964.
[2] Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. Taylor & France e-library, 2001: 132.

定义

此词语出于赫伯特·马尔库塞。“向度”在英文中就是“dimension”,也可以翻译成“方面”或“维度”。单向度就是那种对社会没有批判精神,一味认同于现实的人。这样的人不会去追求更高的生活,甚至没有能力去想像更好的生活。马尔库塞认为正是发达资本主义社会造成了单向度的人。这样的社会是一个极权主义的社会,它压制不同意见和声音,压制了人们对现状的否定和批判。赫伯特·马尔库塞认为发达资本主义社会的极权主义不同于以往的极权主义。以前的极权主义是采用恐怖和暴力手段,不服从政府和当权者会被投进监狱,遭受迫害,甚至被杀害。然而,现代的极权主义社会,却正在于它有对立派别和对立意见的存在。在他看来,单向度的人的出现,对于社会的进化而言不是一种积极的现象,虽然在现代技术世界中,人的物质生活条件得到了极大的改善,劳动者甚至主动地与现存体制认同,但实际上,劳动者丧失了人之为人的一个基本维度,用马赫伯特·尔库塞的话说,“发达工业文明的奴隶们是升华了的奴隶,但毕竟还是奴隶”(赫伯特·马尔库塞,1988:68)。因此,马尔库塞在揭示单向度的人的生存境遇时,特别着力于对技术异化的原因的揭示和扬弃技术异化的途径的探讨。

定义来源

赫伯特·马尔库塞.单面人[M].湖南人民出版社,1988.

例句

1. 这种状况甚至扩展到西欧的共产党。在马尔库塞看来,它们向欧洲共产主义的转变是单向度胜利的另一个征兆。从不愿看到马克思主义与其对手合作这一点来看,马尔库塞完全是一位纯化论者,但还不至于教条化,因而认识到马克思主义急需重新焕发活力,以对抗空前成功的作为一种文化形式的发达工业资本主义。当然,人们可以从获得的证据中得出不同于马尔库塞的结论;或许还可以质疑对手所享有的空前成功,是否是对自己理论之缺陷,或对深植于其中的人性概念之缺陷的评判(为何那些个体如此易于为“虚假需求”所裹挟?)——《后马克思主义思想史》,2001:84

1. This condition extends even to the Western European communist parties, whose drift towards Euro communism is for Marcuse another symptom of the triumph of one-dimensionality. Marcuse is enough of a purist not to want to see Marxism cooperating with the enemy, but undogmatic enough to realise that Marxism is also in dire need of revitalisation to combat the unprecedented success of advanced industrial capitalism as a cultural form. One could draw different conclusions than Marcuse does from the available evidence, of course; perhaps querying whether the unprecedented success enjoyed by the enemy is a comment on the weakness of one’s own theory, or on the concept of human nature embedded in it (why is it that individuals are so easily bought off by ‘false needs’?). -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001:132.

2. 呈现是被强制性设定的,而使景观展示出来的“同义反复”的表象也是被垄断的,垄断本身又由无须应答的单向度的肯定维系,这就是景观背面的真相。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:94

2. The manifestation is prescribed by force, and the tautological appearance of the spectacle is monopolized as well, which in tum is sustained by a one-dimensional affirmation that demands no reply. Such is the truth behind the spectacle. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts from Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 139.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
但也与断言资本主义步入太平盛世的人相反,马尔库塞在他1964年出版的《单向度的人》这本书中深度剖析了隐藏在资本主义社会虚假繁荣背后的一系列“单向度”问题,从另一个角度对资本主义的不合理性和历史暂时性进行研究。——《试论马尔库塞的“单向度”理论——基于<单向度的人>的考察》,河南大学硕士学位论文,2008
In opposition to those who asserted that captitalistic society would step into peaceful and prosperous state, Marcuse gave a deep analysis of a series of “One-Dimensionality” problems which are deeply hidden behind the capitalistic inveracious prosperity, in his book which is published in 1964 and named “One-Dimension Man”, from another point of the irrational nature of capitalism and the history of temporary study.

例句 2:
马尔库塞是法兰克福学派左翼主要代表人物,单向度理论揭示了当代发达工业社会的极权主义特征,是其一生思想的精华所在。——《马尔库塞单向度理论探析》,黑龙江大学硕士学位论文,2008
Marcuse is the representative of the main left-wing Frankfurt School, One-Dimensionality advanced in contemporary industrial society-the totalitarian characteristics of his life is the essence of thinking.

例句 3:
马尔库塞的人本思想主要体现在他对发达工业社会的病态表现及由技术统治造成人的单向度存在的批判之中。——《人的单向度存在及其超越——马尔库塞人本思想研究》,黑龙江大学硕士学位论文,2007
Herbert Marcuse’s humanistic thought is mainly reflected in his criticism to the morbid performance of developed industrial societies and the one-dimensionality existence of human being caused by technical control.

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