公共利益【英】

the interest of the whole; the common good; public interest

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Uinversitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 89.
[2] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 261.
[3] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 161.

定义

公共利益（the interest of the whole, the common good, public interest），从字面上理解，可称之为公共的利益，简称公益。虽然自古以来国家的形式变化多样，对国家存在的理由也有不同的解释，但是毫无疑义，公共利益是国家存在的正当性理由。公共利益的概念是界定政府行为必要性的主要界限。公共利益是一定社会条件下或特定范围内不特定多数主体利益相一致的方面，它不同于国家利益和集团(体)利益，也不同于社会利益和共同利益，具有主体数量的不确定性、实体上的共享性等特征。如何识别公共利益是司法和行政实践中的重要问题。从汉语的构词方式看，公共利益属于偏正结构，可以分解为“公共”和“利益”两部分，其中“公共”是用来修饰“利益”的。其实，“公共”主要是指利益的“受益对象”，而“利益”才是真正的内容，所以，公共利益的不确定性主要就表现在“公共”的不确定性和“利益”的不确定性（via: http://baike.so.com/doc/6438012-6651692.html）。

定义来源

via: http://baike.so.com/doc/6438012-6651692.html

例句

1. 以恩格斯之见，首先，竞争正是资产阶级社会经济运作中垄断的对立面。与私有制一样，它本身就是自相矛盾的。因为在竞争中，“个人的利益是要占有一切，社会的利益是要使每个人所占有的都相等。所以，公共利益和私人利益是直接对立的”。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：129

1. According to Engels, competition is the opposite of the monopoly of bourgeois social economics. Just like the private system, it is full of internal contradictions. As he writes in Umriß zu einer Kritik der Nationalökonomie, this is because in competition “it is the interest of each other [person or company] to possess everything, but in the interest of the whole that each possess an equal amount. Thus, the interest of the whole and the individual are diametrically opposed to each other. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 89.

2. 第五，毛主义包含着对勤俭节约的清教徒式的道德说教和对公共利益的奉献、牺牲精神的张扬，而这些恰好是卢梭所感怀的。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：247

2. Lastly, Maoism involves a moral, puritanical emphasis on thrift and devotion to the common good that in reminiscent of Rousseau. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 261.

3. 行政机关是实施法律法规的重要主体，要带头严格执法，维护公共利益、人民权益和社会秩序。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：145

3. Administrative bodies are important in implementing laws and regulations, so they should take the lead in enforcing laws and safeguarding public interests, the people’s rights and public order. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 161.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
征收是指国家基于公共利益的需要而运用公权力强行取得私人所有的财产的制度。——《我国土地征收制度中公共利益的立法与现实困境》，华南理工大学硕士学位论文，2012
The system of expropriation refers to that of expropriation and requisition of private property via public power for public interests.

例句 2：
第三章和第四章是本文的重点，是关于我国土地征收中公共利益界定的制度构建，本章主要以针对我国目前法律体系中关于公共利益规定的不足之处，提出新的制度构想试图对我国土地征收中公共利益进行合理界定，主要包括以下方面：探讨我国对界定公共利益所应坚持的原则，在立法中明确公共利益的方式及范围，明确我国公共利益的界定主体，以及健全我国土地征收中公共利益界定的程序保障机制等。——《论我国土地征收中的公共利益界定》，华南理工大学硕士学位论文，2013
The third chapter and the forth chapter are the focus point of this paper, they are about to build the construction of the definition of the public interest in our land expropriation, this chapter is mainly focus on the lack and the defects in our current legal systems of the public interest in the land expropriation, and basic on these lack and defects, we try to put forward a new legal system to give a reasonable definition about the public interest in China, and the new system mainly includes: the principle we need to adhere to during defining the public interest, a clear definition of the mode and the scope of public interest in law, and a clear subject to define the public interest, and the last is to design a corresponding procedure for the public interests in the land expropriation in china.

例句 3：
本文所关注的是，对土地征收中公共利益是否应该进行法律界定？应该采用何种立法