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字词 全国人民代表大会
释义

全国人民代表大会【英】

the National People’s Congress (NPC)

译文来源

[1]Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 40.
[2]National People’s Congress. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress

定义

全国人民代表大会是中华人民共和国的最高国家权力机关,由各省、自治区、直辖市和人民解放军选出的代表组成。每届任期五年,每年举行一次会议,由全国人民代表大会常务委员会召集。举行会议时,选举主席团主持会议。全国人民代表大会的职权主要是:修改宪法;监督宪法的实施;制订和修改刑事、民事、国家机构的和其他的基本法律;选举中华人民共和国主席、副主席;根据国家主席的提名,决定国务院总理的人选;根据总理的提名,决定国务院总理、国务委员、各部部长、各委员会主任、审计长、秘书长的人选;选举中央军事委员会主席;根据军委主席的提名,决定中央军委其他组成人员的人选;选举最高人民法院院长、最高人民检察院检察长;审查和批准国民经济和社会发展计划和计划执行情况的报告;改变或者撤销全国人民代表大会常务委员会不适当的决定;批准省、自治区和直辖市的建制;决定特别行政区的设立及其制度;决定战争和和平的问题;应当由最高国家权力机关行使的其他职权。全国人民代表大会有权罢免国家主席、副主席;国务院总理、副总理、国务委员、各部部长、各委员会主任、审计长、秘书长;中央军委主席和中央军委其他组成人员;最高人民法院院长和最高人民检察院检察长。全国人民代表大会常务委员会全国人民代表大会选举产生。全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权。全国人民代表大会下设经常性的和临时性的专门委员会。在全国人民代表大会闭会期间,各专门委员会受全国人民代表大会常委委员会的领导(刘政等,199:154)。

定义来源

刘政,边森龄.人民代表大会制度辞典[Z].中国检查出版社,1992.

例句

1. 在党与群众的关系中,最为引人关注的一个事实是,居于高位的党的上层握有决策大权,相比之下,像全国人民代表大会这样与党组织相对的国家机关则没有多少实权。而在党内,重大的决定要由政治局常委会作出。政治局由全体中央委员会选举产生。而中央委员会只是偶尔开开会,例如从1962年9月到1966年8月,中央委员会连一次会议也未召开过。有时召集起来也是为了追溯性地批准政治局已经作出、并执行了很长时间的重要决定。党的代表大会也是如此,1945年至1969 年间只开过一次会。党的最高层的所有商议活动都笼罩在密不透风的神秘面纱之下,这就使得任何民主参与形式难以兑现。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:235

1. The most striking fact about the relationship of the Party to the masses is the huge power of the decision-making that resides in the upper echelons of the Party. Organs of State (as opposed to the party); such as the National People’s Congress lack any real power. In the Party itself the important decisions are taken by the Standing Committee of the Politbureau. The Politbureau is elected by the full Central Committee. But the Central Committee meets only infrequently: it did not meet at all for example, from September 1962 to August 1966 and is sometimes called upon to ratify retrospectively important decisions taken by the Politbureau that have been enforced for a long time. The same applies to Party Congresses: there was only one between 1945 and 1969. Any form of participatory democracy is rendered impossible by the immense cloak of secrecy surrounding all deliberations at the top of the CCP. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 246.

2. “一个国家 ,两种制度”,我们已经讲了很多次了,全国民代表大会已经通过了这个政策。有人担心这个政策会不会变,我说不会变。核心的问题,决定的因素,是这个政策对不对。如果不对,就可能变。如果是对的,就变不了。进一步说,中国现在实行对外开放、对内搞活经济的政策,有谁改得了?如果改了,中国百分之八十的人的生活就要下降,我们就会丧失人心。我们的路走对了,人民赞成,就变不了。——《邓小平文选(第三卷)》,1993:59

2. We have discussed the policy of “one country, two systems” more than once. It has been adopted by the National People’s Congress. Some people are worried that it might change. I say it will not. The crux of the matter, the decisive factor, is whether the policy is correct. If it is not, it will change; otherwise it won’t. Besides, is there anyone who can change China's current policy of opening to the outside world and invigorating the domestic economy? If it were changed, the living standard of 80 per cent of the Chinese population would decline, and we would lose the people’s support. If we are on the right track and enjoy the people’s support, the policy will not change. -Quoted from Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Vol. 3), 1994: 68-69.

3. 我们对解决香港问题所采取的政策,是国务院总理在第六届全国人民代表大会第二次会议的政府工作报告宣布的,是经大会通过的,是很严肃的事。如果现在还有人谈信心问题,对中华人民共和国、对中国政府没有信任感,那末,其他一切都谈不上了。我们相信香港人能治理好香港,不能继续让外国人统治,否则香港人也是决不会答应的。——《邓小平文选(第三卷)》,1993:60-61

3. Our policy on the settlement of the Hong Kong problem was made known by the Premier of the State Council in his report on the work of the government to the Second Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress [held in May 1984], and it was approved by the congress. That shows how serious we are about it. If at this stage people are still worried about whether they can trust us, having no faith in the People’s Republic of China and the Chinese Government, what’s the point of talking about anything? We are convinced that the people of Hong Kong are capable of running the affairs of Hong Kong well, and we want to see an end to foreign rule. The people of Hong Kong themselves will agree to nothing less. -Quoted from Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Vol. 3), 1994: 70.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
自1954年宪法创造性地确立人民代表大会这一独具特色政治制度模式后,全国人民代表大会作为代表全体中国人民意志行使国家统治权的最高权力机关,行使着相比起三权分立体制下的西方国家议会更为广泛的权力。——《全国人民代表大会会议议程研究》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2010
Since 1954, the Constitution creatively established the political system of people’s congress, National People’s Congress on behalf of all the Chinese people’s will has more widely power compared to the western parliamentary countries.

例句 2:
中国共产党是宪法规定的执政党,人民代表大会是国家权力机关。而中国共产党中央委员会(简称中共中央)又是中国共产党政治决策系统的中枢,全国人民代表大会(简称全国人大)是国家最高权力机关。因此,中共中央与全国人大关系构成了新中国政治体系的主轴,其发展变化影响并决定着国家其他各种关系运行。所以,研究第一届全国人民代表大会期间中共中央与全国人大的关系,还原当时二者关系的互动历史,对进一步丰富中国共产党执政理论,具有重要的理论意义和很强的现实意义。——《中共中央与全国人大关系研究(1954-1959)》,中共中央党校博士学位论文,2012
The Central Committee of Communist Party of China (abbreviation “the CPC Central Committee”) is the hub of the CPC political decision-making system, the National People's Congress (abbreviation “NPC”) is the highest authority. Therefore, the CPC Central Committee and the NPC’s relations constitute the main axis of the New China political system, and its development and changes affect and decide the operation of the other relationships in China. Therefore, research on the CPC Central Committee and the NPC’s relationship during the first session NPC, and restore the interaction history of their relationships, to further enrich the CPC’s Ruling

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