| 字词 | 也 |
| 释义 | »» 也 yě MC yaeX 1. final GP in nominal (noun-predicate) sentences, indicating that one noun or noun phrase is equivalent to, or to be identified with, another; e.g. 此文王之勇也 c. wénwáng zhī yǒng yě, This is King Wen’s valor; 此五者皆生之害也 c. wǔzhě jiē shēngzhi hài yě, These five things are in all cases the bane of life. a. having to do with, implying; e.g. 死生命也 sǐshēng mìngyě, Life and death are matters having to do with Fate; 有人天也有天亦天也 yǒu rén tiān yě, yǒu tiān yì tiān yě, That there are people has to do with heaven; that there is heaven also has to do with heaven. b. of a certain kind, belonging to a certain category; e.g. 秦虎狼之國也 qín hǔlángzhiguó yě, Qin is a vicious tiger-like, wolf-like state; 周公何人也 zhōugōng hérén yě, The Duke of Zhou was what kind of person? c. due to, because of, owing to; e.g. 失其民也 shī qí mín yě, because of losing [the allegiance of] his people; 是天下無人也 shì tiānxià wú rén yě, This was due to the subcelestial realm having no one else. d. marking a VB-phrase as a nominal predicate; e.g. 封之也 fēng zhī yě, It was [a case of] enfeoffing him; 是無義無命也 shì wúyì wúmìng yě, This is dismissive of propriety and dismissive of the decree. 2. (GP) marking sentence-initial noun-phrases as topics: “as for”; e.g. 其爲人也 qí wéirén yě, as for his behaving as a person [is expected to behave]; 人性之不分於善不善也 rénxìngzhi bùfēn yú shàn bùshàn yě, as for human nature’s not distinguishing between good and bad. a. (GP) marking sentence-initial nounphrases as temporal: “when”; e.g. 孔子之仕於魯也 kǒngzǐzhi shì yú lǔ yě, when Confucius was holding office in the state of Lu; 昔桓公之霸也 xī huángōngzhi bà yě, in the past, when Duke Huan served as hegemon. b. (GP) marking proper names as topics: “as for”; e.g. 賜也何如 c. yě hérú, As for [me,] Ci, what am I like?; 棖也慾 chéng yě yù, As for Cheng, he is avaricious. 3. final GP in verbal sentences marking continuative aspect, i.e., ongoing or enduring conditions or circumstances, incl. enduring opinions or judgments (particularly suited to negated VB-phrases as expressing unchanged, hence ongoing, conditions); e.g. 是不可忍也 shì bùkě rěn yě, This cannot be endured; 不知其仁也 bùzhī qí rén yě, I do not know if he is humane. a. ongoing, continuing > enduring > asserted to be true; e.g. 存危國美名也 cún wéiguó měi míng yě, sustaining an endangered state enhances one’s reputation; 國君不可戮也 guójūn bùkě lù yě, The lord of a state cannot be murdered.
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