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字词 享乐主义
释义

享乐主义【英】

hedonism

译文来源

Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 45.

定义

享乐主义,(1)又叫“伊壁鸠鲁主义”,是一种哲学思想,产生于古希腊的爱利亚学派,主要认为享乐是人类最重要的追求。在19世纪的英国,哲学家根据他们的功利主义的伦理理论来提出享乐主义的基本原理。享乐主义的先驱是功利主义的价值观,主要是指所有行为皆是基于要给最多的人数获得最大的快乐,并且认为快乐是生活的目的,是天生的最高的善。(2)是指一种剥削阶级的人生观。享乐主义主要是指人生的目的和意义就在于追求个人的物质享受,满足生理本能的需要,达到肉体的快乐。认为人生来便是趋乐避苦,趋利避害的,并将快乐和痛苦被视为判断人生价值的标准。马克思认为:“享乐哲学一直只是享有享乐特权的社会知名人士的巧妙说法……在近代,享乐哲学是随同封建主义崩溃以及封建地主贵族变成君主专制时期贪图享乐和挥金如土的宫廷贵族而产生的”(马克思等,1960:489)。享乐主义的人生观主要强调的是人天性自私,因此主要认为人生的价值、人生的目的就是追求个人的享受。此种人生观是私有制的产物,在过去资产阶级在上升时期曾用它反对宗教禁欲主义、论证人的物质需要,在当时具有进步作用。随着封建制度的覆灭和反禁欲主义任务的完成,它日益失去其进步作用(刘建明,1993:28)。在新的时代,习近平指出:“我们必须看到,面对世情、国情、党情的深刻变化,精神懈怠危险、能力不足危险、脱离群众危险、消极腐败危险更加尖锐地摆在全党面前,党内脱离群众的现象大量存在,集中表现在形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风这‘四风’上”(习近平,2013年6月19日:第01版)。

定义来源

[1] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)[M].人民出版社,1960.
[2] 刘建明.宣传舆论学大辞典[Z].经济日报出版社,1993.
[3] 习近平.深入扎实开展党的群众路线教育实践活动 为实现党的十八大目标任务提供坚强保证[N].人民日报,2013年6月19日第01版.

例句

1. 全体共产党员特别是党的领导干部,要坚定理想信念,始终把人民放在心中最高的位置,弘扬党的光荣传统和优良作风,坚决反对形式主义、官僚主义,坚决反对享乐主义、奢靡之风,坚决同一切消极腐败现象作斗争,永葆共产党人政治本色,矢志不移为党和人民事业而奋斗。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:43

1. All our Party members, leading officials in particular, should be firm in our belief, always place the people above all else in our hearts and carry forward the Party's fine traditions and conduct. We should firmly oppose formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance, resolutely combat corruption and other misconduct, preserve Communists' political integrity, and dedicate ourselves to the cause of the Party and the people. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 45.

2. 反对享乐主义,要着重克服及时行乐思想和特权现象,教育引导党员、干部牢记“两个务必”,克己奉公,勤政廉政,保持昂扬向上、奋发有为的精神状态。反对 奢靡之风,要着重狠刹挥霍享乐和骄奢淫逸的不良风气,教育引导党员、干部坚守节约光荣、浪费可耻的思想观念,做到艰苦朴素、精打细算,勤俭办一切事情。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:374-375

2. In fighting hedonism we should focus on overcoming indulgence in pleasure and privileges. Once more we should educate Party members and officials, and guide them in keeping to the “two musts", in being whole heartedly devoted to public service and performing their duties with diligence, in upholding political integrity, and in preserving a spirit of high principles and hard work. In fighting extravagance,we should focus on putting an end to unhealthy practices such as self-indulgence, luxury and dissipation. Again, we should educate Party members and officials, and guide them in practicing thrift and standing against waste, in leading a simple life, in being strict with their spending, and in doing everything in a no-frills manner. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 412.

3. 中央提出抓作风建设,反对形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义,反对奢靡之风,就是提出了一个抓反腐倡廉建设的着力点,提出了一个夯实党执政的群众基础的切入点。全党同志一定要从这样的政治高度来认识这个问题,从思想上警醒起来,牢记“两个务必”,坚定不移转变作风,坚定不移反对腐败,切实做到踏石留印、抓铁有痕,不断以反腐倡廉的新进展新成效取信于民。要大力加强反腐倡廉教育和廉政文化建设,坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:391

3. The CPC Central Committee has called upon us to improve our working practices by opposing formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance. This serves as a focus for combating corruption and upholding integrity, as well as a starting point for consolidating popular support for the Party governance. All Party members must understand the political importance of this issue, stay alert, strictly adhere to the "two musts" improve our working practices, and crack down on corruption with a strong determination. We must leave our mark, like leaving our mark when we tread on stones or grasp steel, and continue to win popular trust with new victories in the fight against corruption. We must raise public awareness of the need to combat corruption and uphold integrity, promote a culture of clean government, and combine the rule of law with the rule of virtue. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 433.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
但很明显,唯美主义者所声称的为“人类灵魂救赎”的享乐主义在本质上是一种逃避现实的消费方式,不可能获得最终结果。——《解析<道林·格雷的画像>中的消费主义》,辽宁大学硕士学位论文,2012
But evidently, the hedonism meant for the “redemption of mankind’s souls” as claimed by aesthetes is in essence escapism that can’t bear fruits in the end.

例句 2:
本文从小说内容出发,结合厄普代克当时的写作背景,探讨了当代美国中产阶级的享乐主义的表现及享乐主义思想,并通过对小说中夫妇们变态的性行为和换妻游戏的分析研究,揭示了当代美国中产阶级伦理道德的沦丧。——《论约翰·厄普代克<夫妇们>中的享乐主义思想》,湖南科技大学硕士学位论文,2013
This thesis, basing on the text of the novel and combining with the social background of writing, probes the hedonistic life style of the American middle class and analyzes the hedonism thought in the novel.And by analyzing the game of spouse-swapping, it reveals the hollow spiritual life and the loss of religious belief and social morality.

例句 3:
从二十世纪八十年代起,随着我国改革开放的不断发展,一股享乐主义思潮也在逐渐形成,集中体现为2003年享乐主义者在广州所发表的《享乐主义者宣言》。当代中国享乐主义思潮的形成与发展是与我国生产力的发展特别是市场经济体制的形成与确立同步进行的。物质财富的增加,一部分先富裕起来的人们的消费观念及消费行为在发生着根本上的变化,他们的消费理念在市场经济的发展过程中受到了相当多的一批人的追捧与附和。——《当代中国享乐主义思潮研究》,清华大学硕士学位论文,2005
From 1980s, with the development of Chinese reformation and opening, one strand of hedonism trend of thought is shaping up, its ideas is centralized in the article, the Announcement of Hedonists, which was written by hedonists in Guangzhou, 2003. The formation and development of hedonism in China today and

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