主动性【英】

initiative

译文来源

Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 110.

定义

主动性是指一种不待外力推动而行动的性能，与“被动”相对。主动性是人的社会积极性和政治积极性的表现形式。表现为实现某种理想和愿望;为确保个人或他人、集体或国家利益的实现而形成的自觉自愿的行动;创造性的劳动和工作态度以及形成的某种行为方式。道德意义上的主动性就是主动自觉地、明确地追求善的，价值目标，积极主动地进行道德行为选择。积极努力地参加各种社会活动，并勇于承担他人、集体和国家所赋予的责任和义务。主动性又是一种道德境界，为整体利益建功立业的首创精神。革命的主动性，是集体主义思想的发扬光大。社会主义制度的建立，为广大劳动者在生产、科研等各个领域发挥自己的聪明才智，主动开拓进取和攀登科学高峰创造了有利条件。在社会主义革命和建设时期中，主动性起着特别巨大的作用，成为决定和调整人们行为经常动因的不可缺少的重要因素。主动性要求人们自愿地为集体利益服务，反对一切消极等待和被动态度。（宋希仁等，1989：287）。

定义来源

宋希仁，陈劳志，赵仁光.伦理学大辞典[Z].吉林人民出版社，1989.

例句

1. 提高改革决策的科学性，很重要的一条就是要广泛听取群众意见和建议，及时总结群众创造的新鲜经验，充分调动群众推进改革的积极性、主动性、创造性，把最广大人民智慧和力量凝聚到改革上来，同人民一道把改革推向前进。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：98

1. To make our decisions on reform more appropriate, the most important thing is to listen extensively to the opinions and proposals of the people, promptly review their fresh experience, fully mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, bring their wisdom and strength to the cause of reform, and work with them to move the cause forward. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 110.

2. 全党同志必须坚持以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，毫不动摇坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，坚持马克思主义的发展观点，坚持实践是检验真理的唯一标准，发挥历史的主动性和创造性，清醒认识世情、国情、党情的变和不变，永远要有逢山开路、遇河架桥的精神，锐意进取，大胆探索，敢于和善于分析回答现实生活中和群众思想上迫切需要解决的问题，不断深化改革开放，不断有所发现、有所创造、有所前进，不断推进理论创新、实践创新、制度创新。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：21

2. All Party members must follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development, be firm in their commitment to socialism with Chinese characteristics and to the Marxist view on development, treat practice as the sole criterion for testing truth, and apply their historic initiative and creativity. We must be clearly aware what is changing and what remains constant in the international, national and Party situations. Never should we hesitate to blaze new trails, bridge rivers, forge ahead with determination, and audaciously explore new territory. We should have the courage and capability to address pressing issues in our work and remove doubts in peopled minds, and come up with solutions. We should drive reform and opening up to a deeper level, make new discoveries, create new ideas, achieve new progress, and promote innovation in our theories, practices and systems. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 23-24.

3. 根据瑞士报纸来判断，一般说来，在圣加伦州居住的都是最富裕和最有才学的人。可是这些有才学的人的不幸就在于：人们很少知道他们，不管怎样，他们显然都缺乏主动性。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第六卷）》，1961：75

3. The canton of St. Gallen, one can read in Swiss newspapers, is in general one containing the richest and most excellent men; but these excellent men suffer from the misfortune that not much is heard about them, and in any case they seem to lack initiative. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 8), 1977: 86.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
从语义上说，“主动性”概念代表和揭示运动体运动的内在本质，“受动性”一词在逻辑上是谬误的。只有生命体具有主动性的特殊本质，研究人的主动性是通往对人的哲学研究之门。——“论人的主动性范畴”，载于《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第6期
Semantically, the concept of “initiative”represents and reveals the intrinsic essence of moving body’smovement, such word as“passivity”is logically fallacious. Only living body has the special essence of initiative, andthe study of man’s initiative is the path to the door of philosophic study.

例句 2：
在《论语》里天命观和生死观占据重要的地位，天命观与生死观不可分离。目前一些学者认为天对人完全控制，人只能顺从。这种观点明显忽视了天命观下的人之主动性。——“《论语》中‘天命—生死’观的个体主动性原则探析”，载于《华中师范大学研究生学报》2016年第3期
Destiny and life&death are important concepts in The Analects and the two are actually inseparable. Currently, some scholars maintain that the destiny absolutely controls human beings. Such an idea evidently ignores human’s initiative.

例句 3：
进而分析了反生产力的要素结构，以辩证法的系统论，论证了主动性要素是反生产力要素中基础的方面，被动性要素是派生的方面。——“反生产力问题研究”，载于《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第3期
The paper further analyzes the structural elements of counter-productivity and demonstrates with the system theory of dialectics that initiative elements are basic counterproductive elements while elements of passivity are derived ones.