雷公鼓【英】

Leigong Drum

定义

形状似粗腰鼓，由大小相同的11个或12个小鼓均匀地构成一个圆圈，雷公站在圈内狂击猛奏。雷公鼓出现在西魏第249窟西披和第285窟西披。第249窟西披画阿修罗王，两侧为风神、雷神、迎楼罗(朱雀)、人非人(乌获)等，雷公(雷神)在演奏雷公鼓，雷公形象怪异，显得威武雄壮。第285窟西披是双组雷公鼓，其中南侧雷公演奏的是11个小鼓组成的雷公鼓，北侧雷公演奏的是12个小鼓组成的雷公鼓，似在相互比赛对奏，显得雄伟多姿。唐代壁画也出现有雷公鼓图像，如第329窟(初唐)就有一件雷公鼓，与西魏雷公鼓不同的是，小鼓数为9个，鼓面为横行排列。由于雷公鼓由数个小鼓组成，可能会产生不同高低、不同音色的音响，故有可能演奏出简单的曲调。

A Leigong drum is composed of eleven or twelve small drums arranged evenly into a circle, with Leigong (the God of Thunder) standing inside the circle, beating the drums vigorously. A Leigong drum is painted on both the western slope of Mogao Cave 249 and the western slope of Mogao Cave 285, built during the Western Wei Dynasty (AD 535–557). On the western slope of Cave 249 is painted an Asura King, on both sides of whom are the Lord of Wind, the Lord of Thunder, Yinglouluo (God of the Southern Heaven), and Renfeiren (a man of unusual strength). The Lord of Thunder is depicted playing the Leigong drum in this mural. On the western slope of Cave 285 are painted two groups of Leigong drums. The Lord of Thunder on the southern side is playing a group of eleven small drums, while the Lord of Thunder on the north side is playing a group of twelve small drums. They seem to be playing in a competition, looking majestic in their different poses. Paintings of the Leigong drum may also be found among murals of the Tang Dynasty. The one in Mogao Cave 329 (built during the early Tang Dynasty) is an example. What makes it different from the drum of the Western Wei period is that it is composed of nine small drums arranged in a horizontal row. Since the Leigong drum was made up of several smal