字词 | 间接效用函数 |
释义 | 间接效用函数【英】indirect utility function译文来源间接效用函数.via: http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0 定义间接效用函数是相对于直接效用函数而言的。间接效用函数是消费者可能达到的最大效用水平(胡代光,1996:271)。在实际中,消费者在购买一种商品时会面临许多选择,例如同种商品有许多不同的品牌,或者是消费者要购买的这种商品可以被其他相类似的商品而替代。因此,消费者在购买商品时做出的决定其实是一个决策问题。效用实际上是消费者在进行消费的过程中,从销售商提供的商品或者服务中是否能得到满足感。我们给效用附加上一个效用值,通过比较不同商品或者服务的效用值来做出购买的决定。间接效用函数表示收入和价格两个变量下消费者的最优消费时的效用。间接效用函数的存在对于说明政府水平的福利影响有比较便利的条件成立(间接效用函数.via:http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)。 定义来源[1] 胡代光.现代西方经济学辞典[Z].中国社会科学出版社,1996. 例句1. 我们所采取的这种立场的正确性,已经由下面的事实间接证实:差不多在《火星报》创刊号出版的同时(1900年12月),有三个成员退出“联合会”而组成一个所谓“发起团”,并向1.《火星报》组织国外部、2.“社会民主党人”革命组织、3.“联合会”提出建议,说他们愿意充当和解谈判的中介人。——《列宁全集(第六卷)》,1986:175 1. The correctness of our position was indirectly proved by the fact that almost simultaneously with the appearance of the first issue of Iskra (December 1900) three members separated from the Union, formed the so-called “Initiators’ Group”, and offered their services: (1) to the foreign section of the Iskra organisation, (2) to the revolutionary Sotsial-Demokrat organisation, and (3) to the Union Abroad, as mediators in negotiations for reconciliation. -Quoted from Collected Works of Lenin (Vol. 5), 1977: 522. 2. 蒲鲁东先生的整个辩证法是什么呢?就是用抽象的和矛盾的概念,如稀少和众多、效用和意见、一个生产者和一个消费者(两者都是自由意志的骑士)来代替使用价值和交换价值、需求和供给。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009: 483 2. What, then, does all M. Proudhon’s dialectic consist in? In the substitution for use value and exchange value, for supply and demand, of abstract and contradictory notions like scarcity and abundance, utility and estimation, one producer and one consumer, both of them knights of free will. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 377. 3. 从这种视角来看,自然是一个比马克思主义理论所描绘的更为复杂的现象。在马克思主义理论中,正题不可阻挡地走向反题,然后继续走向合题(充其量可能展现出由此及彼的过渡)。只要我们不作任何干涉,我们对于波动函数只有这种类型的可预测性——几乎不适用于上述支要配自然的理论。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:243 3. Viewed from this perspective, nature is a much more complicated phenomenon than it is pictured in Marxist theory, where thesis inexorably leads to antithesis and then on to synthesis (at best the passage from one to the other state may be delayed). We only have this kind of predictability with regard to the wave function as long as we leave it untouched—hardly much use to a theory concerned above all to exert domination over nature. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 155. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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