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字词 道德标准
释义

道德标准【英】

moral criteria

译文来源

McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 255-256.

定义

道德标准是衡量道德与否的尺度。在一定的时间区域内,为了指导并约束这一时间区域内的人们行为规范所形成的理论,凡是符合这种原则、规范的行为就被判断为善的行为,否则就被判断为恶的行为。历史上,不同的社会、时代、阶级对道德标准众说纷纭。在古代中国社会有一整套完整的道德体系和标准,强调“忠、信、孝、悌、礼、义、廉、耻”和“三从四德”、“三纲五常”等等。其中精华的部分形成了今天我们公认的一些道德标准,如“诚信”、“礼让”、“廉洁”等。马克思主义认为,“、道德标准根源于社会发展的客观必然性,在有阶级的社会中,道德标准带有阶级的烙印,社会的道德标准往往是该社会占统治地位的统治阶级的道德观(许东黎,1998:40)。一些剥削阶级思想家往往赋予它某种抽象的、超阶级甚至超人类的规定性。凡是符合和有利于社会历史发展的行为就是进步的,就是善,反之,就是恶。

定义来源

许东黎.道德标准辨析[J].现代哲学,1998.

例句

1. 在毛主义者的文件中,道德标准同更为严肃的马克思主义范畴掺和在一起,这一特征如此醒目,正如施拉姆说过的那样:细想一下毛在20世纪50年底提出的、今天仍被沿用的所谓“黑五类”的定义:地主、富农、反革命、坏分子和右派。在这些范畴中,其中有两个是社会学意义上的、两个是政治意义上的,还有一个是道德意义上的。毛在把它们归并在一起的时候,似乎并没有觉察有任何矛盾或问题。难道他或许并不认为革命是无产阶级、农民和好人的事业?毛实际上与刘少奇共同使用了正是中国的、而且确切地就是孔子的概念,即认为把一个人的内在道德世界与他的外部行为和他的政治活动领域截然分开是不可能的。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:243

1. It is striking how moral criteria are intermingled in Maoist documents with more strictly Marxist categories. As Schram has said: Consider the definition which Mao put forward in the 1950s for the so-called ‘five bad elements’, still used today. Landlords, rich peasant, counter-revolutionaries, bad elements and rightists. Two of these categories are sociological, two political and one moral. Mao did not appear to see any contradiction or problem in lumping them all together. Did he not perhaps see the revolution as the work of proletarians, peasants and good men? Does not all the available evidence suggest that Mao in fact shared with Liu Shaoch’i the very Chinese and indeed Confucian notion that it is impossible to separate the inner moral world of the individual from his outward behaviour and from the political realm as a whole. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 255-256.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
道德标准的内化,对日常生活中的自我指导、自我监督、自我调节不可或缺。——《父母教养方式、道德脱离和儿童攻击行为的关系》,山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2010
Internalization of moral standards is essential for self-directed, self-monitoring, self-regulation in the daily life.

例句 2:
考评领导干部的德,从理论层面上说属于道德评价的过程,是考核主体按照一定的道德标准对领导干部作出评价的过程,但不同的人对德的理解可能存在较大差异,对德的具体考核指标把握也不够准确,以至于对道德的评价过于抽象、概括和笼统。——《我国党政领导干部道德评价标准研究》,中共中央党校博士学位论文,2011
Evaluation of leading cadres is a moral evaluation process in the theoretical level, in which the examination subject makes evaluation of leading cadres according to certain moral standards. However, in moral evaluation, different people may have differences in moral understanding, and can’t grasp of moral evaluation index accurately enough, so that the moral evaluation is too abstract and general. 

例句 3:
本文由引言、正文、结语组成,正文由道德的概念和分类、道德与刑法、刑法的道德属性、刑法出入罪的道德标准、道德对刑法出入罪的实践要求五个部分组成。——《论刑法出入罪的道德标准》,西南政法大学硕士学位论文,2012
This paper consists of preamble, text and conclusion and is formed by five parts: concept and classification of morality; ethics and criminal law; moral property of the criminal law; sin in and out of the criminal law of moral standards and practice requirements of moral ethical standards to sin in and out of the criminal law.

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