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字词 逻各斯
释义

逻各斯【英】

logos

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 19.
[2] Logos. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos

定义

逻各斯,源于希腊文logos的音译,本义为命运、理性、思想。西方哲学史和伦理思想史范畴。古希腊的赫拉克利特在其著作残篇第一条提出了“逻各斯”的概念,而这一条残篇,据亚里士多德说恰恰是赫拉克利特著作的开头。“逻各斯虽然象我所说的那样存在,但人们在听到它以前,或是第一次听到它的时候,却总是不能理解它。万物都是按照这个逻各斯产生的,虽然我已经根据事物的本性将它们加以区别,解释了它们是如何发生的,而且人们也经常遇到象我所说明的那些话语和事实,但是他们却像从来没有遇到过它[逻各斯]一样。至于另外一些人对他们醒来以后做了些什么也不知道,就象是对他们梦中所做的事已经忘记了一样”(汪子嵩等,1997:455)。对赫拉克利特的“逻各斯”最为系统的研究是格思里《希腊哲学史》中对于逻各斯的含义,他认为“逻各斯”在希腊语中是一个最常用的词,并且严格说来,在英语中不可能找到一个对应的同一词来翻译它。它的十个含义分别是:(1)任何讲的东西和写的东西,包括虚构的故事和真实的历史;(2)所提到的和价值有关的东西,如评价、名誉等;(3)与感觉相对立的思想或推理;(4)从所讲或所写的发展为原因、理性或论证;(5)事物真相;(6)尺度,即完全的或正当的尺寸;(7)对应关系、比例;(8)一般的原则或规律;(9)理性的力量;(10)定义或公式(张廷国,2004:124-125)。“逻各斯”是欧洲哲学传统常用的概念,在欧洲近代以来的哲学发展中,有重要的启发作用,拿海德格尔和黑格尔、康德来说,康德的工作就是要使“科学知识”的“内容”与“逻辑”的“形式”“结合”起来,使“科学”不但“合法地”就有“逻辑”的“形式”,而且“逻辑”也“合法地”具有“综合的—经验的”“内容”。一般说来,“逻辑学”是探讨“思维”的(形式)“规则”,而“逻各斯”则有更多的“客观规律”的意思(叶秀山,2011:11)。总之,“逻各斯”是西方哲学的核心概念,并发展出了具有西方特色的修辞学、逻辑学、自然科学和理性主义的知识论等等。

定义来源

[1] 汪子嵩,范明生等.希腊哲学史(第一卷)[M].人民出版社,1997.
[2] 张廷国.“道”与“逻各斯”:中西哲学对话的可能性[J].中国社会科学,2004(1).
[3] 叶秀山.试释“逻各斯”[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2011(1).

例句

1. 这是说,过去的哲学家们都以为自己标注为世界本原的东西就是真实的实在,而实际上,真实的情况是哲学家们“在讨论了事物之后很久”,那些被形形色色哲学奉为基始的东西(“物质”、“意识”、“自然”、“人”、“类”、“实体”、“逻各斯”、“理性”、“实践”、“无意识”、“意志”、“生命”、“意向”和“存在”等)“才会在这里发展起来”。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:4-5

1. It means that, although the preceding philosophers have claimed the so-called foundation of the world is certain actual substantiality; however, the fact is, long after the philosophers has discussed things, those various kinds of alleged primacies (“substance”, “mind”, “nature”, “human”, “species”, “noumenon”, “logos”, “reason”, “practice”, “unconsciousness”, “will”, “life”, “intent” and “being”, etc.) “will here be developed.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 18-19.

2. 戴着否定的辩证法之有色眼镜的阿多诺,把这一切讲得过于严重了。这样,爱利亚学派所追求的“万变之中的不变”(存在),赫拉克利特探寻的物相背后的“活火”(逻各斯),拒斥世俗人间的上帝之城(神权与父权),启蒙运动重新复归的人(无声的类人)都必是同一性的强制。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:25

2. Second, when Adorno says concept is of oneness, he means that at the beginning of culture, the concept was produced when "multiple" perceptual phenomena were summarized into “one.” For any kind of culture, the concept’s immanent claim is its order-creating invariance as against the change in what it covers. Viewing this through the colored glasses of Negative Dialectics, Adorno has made exaggerations. According to him, “the unchangeable in all changes” (being) pursued by Eleatic School, the “live fire” (logos) that Heraclitus searched for behind the objects, City of God (theocracy and patriarchy) that rejects the secular world, and the human being that resurrected in Enlightenment all result from the enforcement of identity. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 46.

3. “按照黑格尔的逻辑学,或确切些说,按照逻各斯学说,矛盾的东西决不是在按本性来说只能被看做主观的和自觉的思维中存在着,而是在事物和过程本身中客观地存在着,而且可以说是见诸形体的,这样,背理就不再是不可想象的思想组合,而是成为一种实际的力量。荒谬东西的现实性,是黑格尔关于逻辑和非逻辑统一的第一项信条…… 愈矛盾就愈真实,或者换句话说,愈荒谬就愈可信,这种并非新发现的、而是从天启神学和神秘主义中抄来的箴言,是所谓辩证原则的赤裸裸的表现。”——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:131

3. “Contradiction, according to the Hegelian logic, or rather Logos doctrine, is objectively present not in thought, which by its nature can only be conceived as subjective and conscious, but in things and processes themselves and can be met with in so to speak corporeal form, so that absurdity does not remain an impossible combination of thought but becomes an actual force. The reality of the absurd is the first article of faith in the Hegelian unity of the logical and the illogical.... The more contradictory a thing the truer it is, or in other words, the more absurd the more credible it is. This maxim, which is not even newly invented but is borrowed from the theology of the Revelation and from mysticism, is the naked expression of the so-called dialectical principle”. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 110.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
马克思的感性是“逻各斯”和“努斯”的统一。 感性意识、感性需要和感性解放是其主要表现形式,三者分别从不同的维度展现了其本体论向度。——“论‘感性’的本体论向度——以《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为中心”,载于《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2010年第6期
Marx’s perception is the unity of logos and nous, and is mainly manifested in the consciousness, needs and liberation of perception, the three aspects which reflect the ontological dimension from different perspectives.

例句 2:
传统本体论追求凌驾于人的世界之上的最高真理,拒斥一切变化不定,排斥现实的生活。因此,传统本体论并不能揭示属人世界内在的逻各斯,有着无法克服的伦理难题。——“马克思哲学实践观念的伦理意蕴”,载于《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年第5期
Traditional ontology pursuits the highest truth which comes above the world, and rejects all changes and uncertainty, push aside the real life. Therefore, traditional ontology can not reveal the logos in the inner world, which has an insurmountable ethical dilemma.

例句 3:
历史的辩证法总会折射出它的类似逻各斯或道的普照之光,即便是解构了的元素也有自身存在的根据或前提或原因,因此马克思的批判和蒲鲁东主义的现实影响都是不可小觑的。——“解读马克思对蒲鲁东的批判——从《哲学的贫困》到《1857—1858年经济学手稿》”,载于《南京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版)》2008年第4期
Historical dialectical ways reveals its own universal light that is similar to Logos, even if the deconstructed elements also have their own ground of being existence, therefore the critique of Marx and the actual significance of Proudhonism are very important to us.

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更新时间:2024/11/5 5:40:22