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字词 超人
释义

超人【英】

overman; superman

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 288.
[2] Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 7) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977: 323.
[3] via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Übermensch

定义

超人是德国唯意志论哲学家尼采的理想人格。他认为体现权力意志的物种从低等生物到高等生物再到于人的进化是没有止境的,这种进化将进化出一种“超人”。“超人之高于人犹如人高于动物一样。”超人是天才,有极大的权力欲,永不满足;他疯狂地企图占有一切、统治一切;他为人类立法,而不承担普通人的任何责任和义务;他为实现自己的权力意志而不惜采取任何手段,可以毫不动心、毫无限制地牺牲别人,把别人降为工具和奴隶而不受任何良心谴责;他爱好冒险,孤军奋战,傲视一切,远离群众。尼采极力推崇历史上的凯撒和拿破仑,认为他们就是“力量和高贵的理想”、是“非人和超人的结合”。“超人”的理想人格集中表现了尼采非道德主义的特点,所以西方伦理学史上称之为超人伦理学或极端个人主义道德观(朱贻庭等,2002,661)。

定义来源

朱贻庭.伦理学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2002.

例句

1. 以我的看法,施蒂纳的这个“唯一者”,实际上更接近后来尼采的“超人”,即在新人本主义中反对古典人本主义类本质的个人,甚至,这个以无为本的“唯一者”还会是今天后现代思潮中的“人”、“主体”和“作者”死亡后的那种存在自由状况的先驱;而他的“无”,也不仅仅是政治上的无政府,而是一种在本体论意义上的彻底的消解和自由,是对传统哲学形而上学的第一次根本颠覆。这样看来,施蒂纳思想的意义就不简单地仅仅是一种扁平的历史性,而直接具有了当代性。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:373

1. According to my understanding, Stirner’s “own” is actually closer to Nietzsche’s “overman,” in that it proposed a new humanism in opposition to the species-essence individual of classical humanism. This “own,” which is based on nothing, can even be thought of as the precursor to the free state of existence of “man,” “subject,” and “author” in today’s post-modern philosophy. Its “nothing” not only refers to political anarchy, but also to an ontologically complete abolition and freedom; this was the first fundamental overthrow of traditional metaphysics. In this light, the significance of Stirner’s thought is not only historical, but also modern. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 288

2. 尼采的哲学主张超人崇拜,对这种超人来说,全部问题都在于保证他自己的个性得到充分发展,个人对任何伟大的社会目的的任何服从都是卑鄙可耻的,这种哲学正是知识分子世界观,它使知识分子根本不能参加无产阶级的阶级斗争。 ——《列宁全集(第八卷)》,1986:322

2. “Nietzsche’s philosophy, with its cult of the superman, for whom the fulfillment of his own individuality is everything and any subordination of that individuality to a great social aim is vulgar and despicable, is the real philosophy of the intellectual; and it renders him totally unfit to take part in the class struggle of the proletariat. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 7), 1977: 323.

3. 连载两期的这整篇长文充满了诽镑和人身攻击。文章中不是向工人读者说这个马克思主义者“易于激怒”和“极其尖刻”,就是说那个马克思主义者有“超人的”派头,或者说另一个马克思主义者“厚颜无耻”。 ——《列宁全集(第二十三卷)》,1990:149

3. This enormous article, spread over two issues of the paper, is packed with gossip and allusions to personalities. The working-class reader is informed of the “touchiness” and “charming witticisms” of one Marxist, the “superman” pretensions of a second and the “cynicism” of a third. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 19), 1977: 77.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
尼采的超人哲学是他所处的那个时代的产物。——《尼采超人哲学的后世影响与启迪》,燕山大学硕士学位论文,2009
Nietzsche and his overman philosophy is a product of its times.

例句 2:
然而,伦敦的超人思想,就像尼采及他的理论一样,长期以来被肆意误解。——《重评杰克·伦敦的超人思想》,广西师范大学硕士学位论文,2005
However, London’s thought of the superman has always been misunderstood.

例句 3:
萧伯纳的“创造进化论”思想来源于柏格森和拉马克的进化理论,同时也有叔本华的唯意志论和尼采的超人哲学。——《论萧伯纳戏剧创作的“创造进化论”思想》,山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2009
The theory of Creative Evolution idea of George Bernard Shaw comes from the evolution theory of Bergson and Lamarckism, as well as voluntarism of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche’s superman philosophy

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